Question

DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS HY De 2 Diabetes REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER Alterations in Health (Diagnosis) Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ASSESSMENT SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Risk Factors Expected Findings Laboratory Tests Diagnostic Procedures Complicatie PATIENT-CENTERED CARE Nursing Care Medications Client Education Therapeutic Procedures Interprofessional Care

Answer 1

Ans) Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem - Increased thirst and frequent urination chronic disease characterized by insufficient production of insulin in the pancreas or when the body cannot efficiently use the insulin it produces.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle Is Very Important: Getting to—and staying at—a healthy weight Reduce portions and eat healthier Exercising

ASSESSMENT SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS:

Risk Factors Expected Findings Extreme thirst Fatigue Frequent urination Extreme hunger Weight loss Areas of darkened skin Blurry vision Infections Slow wound healing Family history Race/ethnicity Prediabetes Gestational diabetes Polycystic ovarian syndrome Laboratory Tests Diagnostic Procedures Fasting Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar) Level The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test A fasting blood glucose test measures your blood glucose level after 8 hours of fasting (no food or drink, except water)

PATIENT-CENTERED CARE Nursing Care Assess for signs of hyperglycemia.

- Assess blood glucose level before meals and at bedtime. Monitor patient’s HbA1c-glycosylated hemoglobin. Assess feet for temperature, pulses, color, and sensation. Teach patient how to perform home glucose monitoring. Monitor urine albumin to serum creatinine for renal failure. Therapeutic Procedures •Patient has a blood glucose reading of less than 180 mg/dL; fasting blood glucose levels of less than <140 mg/dL; hemoglobin A1C level <7%.

•Healthy eating •Regular exercise •Possibly, diabetes medication or insulin therapy •Blood sugar monitoring Complications Medications Sulfonylureas Meglitinides Biguanides Thiazolidinedio nes Alpha-glycosida se inhibitors Gliptins

Client Education: Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol under control If you smoke or use other types of tobacco, ask your doctor to help you quit If you drink alcohol, do so responsibly Interprofessional Care Commit to managing your diabetes Schedule a yearly physical exam and regular eye exams Keep your immunizations up to date Take care of your teeth Pay attention to your feet Heart and blood vessel disease Nerve damage (neuropathy) Kidney damage (nephropathy) Eye damage Foot damage Hearing impairment Skin conditions Alzheimer's disease.