Question

the pathologic related to aortic regurgitation is

Answer 1

Aortic regurgitation is the diastolic blood flow from aorta into the left ventricle.

Aortic regurgitation may be acute or chronic.

The causes and association of acute aortic regurgitation includes

• Acute rheumatic fever
• Infective endocarditis
• dissection of the aorta
• ruptured sinus of the valsalva aneurysm
• failure of prosthetic valve

The causes and association of chronic aortic regurgitation includes

• Rheumatic heart disease
• Syphilis
• Arthritides: Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondilitis, rheumatoid arthrits
• Severe hypertension
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• Aortic endocarditis
• Marfan's syndrome

The pathology of acute aortic regurgitation is

In acute aortic regurgitation, valvular incompetence will occur fastly. regurgitation of blood during the diastole will cause an increase in the left ventricular end- diastolic volume. The effects of this includes reduced coronary flow and increased end- diastolic pressure. In reduced coronary flow, the coronaries fills during the diastole and regurgitant flow reduces filling results in angina or myocardial ischemia. Increased end-diastolic pressure cause an increase in the pulmonary pressure and results in pulmonary edema and dyspnea.  Acute aortic regurgitation is a medical emergency. An acute rise in the left atrial pressure will results in pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock.

In chronic aortic regurgitation, valvular incompetence will develops slowly. The regurgitation of blood during diastole causes an increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic volume. This will leads to systolic and diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular dilatation develops with eccentric hypertrophy. this dilatation causes increased stroke volume compensatory for the regurgitant flow. These changes maintains ejection fraction with increased preload leading to greater contractility. And eventually, the further increase in the preload cannot be met by greater contractility and develops heart failure.