Question

11. Briefly describe what an infection is and, using examples, the difference between infections 12. What is the current theory regarding the origin of the HIV (AIDS) virus and why the virus 13. Briefly describe the four modes of action of antibacterial drugs and give an example drug for that are endemic, epidemic or pandemic in nature. was not likely noted in epidemic proportions until the late 20th century each mode of action.

Answer 1

11. ANSWER :

INFECTION : Infection is defined as a entry of micro organism into body tissues, which multiplies in host tissues and produce toxins in the body.

ENDEMIC DISEASE : It is defined as a permanent existing of a disease in a particular population or region.

Example : In Africa malaria is a constant problem in some parts of Africa, because the area is located mostly in forests or jungle.

EPIDEMIC DISEASE : It is defined as an outbreak of disease at the same time that attacks many people and may spreads to many other community areas.

Example : Smallpox killed nearly 4 lakh Europeans during 18th century, which is a contagious disease caused by Variola virus and spreaded to other parts of the country within a short period of time.

PANDEMIC DISEASE : It is defined as when an epidemic spreading of disease to overall the world.

Example : HIV is one of the example for pandemic disease spread.

12. ANSWER :

Studies state that HIV virus which causes AIDS was came from chimpanzee, and spread infection to humans. In the year of 1959 first case of HIV identified in Congo, while taking blood samples of that infected person. It estimates that the infection came from chimps to that person. In 1960 HIV reached Haiti through migration of people from Congo to Haiti on work basis. Due to more sexual trades in those places spreading of infection became more and outburst of infection has its impact on USA, and slowly spreaded to India. HIV cause AIDS by sexual intercourse, infected blood transfusions, mother to baby through placenta. When comparing with the last 20 centuries the virus was not likely noted in epidemic population due to its awareness provided to people by Government of their particular countries. WHO recommends guidelines for prevention of HIV, its routes of spreading, modes of transmission, protection and all. People got awareness that there is no treatment to HIV and AIDS, and the only way to death the final stage of infection. Due to this major outcome the spread rates has decreased.