Question

7. What are the two major forms of Diabetes and what differentiates one form from the other? List the four basic diabetes treatment principles and state in one sentence why each is important. 18. Mr. S, a 65-year-old man, was in an automobile accident in which he suffered a concussion Soon after he was released, he noticed what he described as a "gray spot" in his field of vision. At first he ignored it, thinking it would go away, but the spot seemed to darken and spread over his visual field. He didn't report any pain with the problem. On calling his physician, he was advised to go to the nearest hospital immediately. A detached retina was diagnosed. After treatment, he regained most of his normal sight back. Five years later, he began having problems again. The central area of his visual field was becoming blurred, and he was losing his depth perception. An initial eye examination revealed neovascularization in both eyes

Answer 1

Answer :

17) diabetes mellitus :

• Diabetes can be referred to as a chronic diseases characterised by high levels of sugar in the blood .
• It is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, protein , and fat metabolism resulting from insulin deficiency or abnormality in the Use of insulin

Types :

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus .

Type 1 :

• Usually diagnosed in child hood .
• Affected by hereditary .
• Sometimes there are no symptoms .
• It is due to destruction of beta cells of the pancreas lead to little insulin or no insulin.
• Imperative to inject insulin daily because the body makes little or no insulin .
• Frequently called as insulin depended diabetes mellitus .
• Patients with type 1 diabetes need insulin to survive daily.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus :

• Most common form of diabetes .
• Usually occur in adulthood but diagnosis is increasing in the younger generation .
• It is due to disturbance in insulin reception in the cells , decreased number of insulin receptors or loss of beta cell responsive ness to glucose leading to slow or decreased insulin release by pancreas .
• body is incapable of responding to insulin .
• Rates rising due to increased obesity and failure to exercises and eat healthy.

Treatment principles :

• Provide self management education and support : patient at risk For or with diabetes may benefit from diabetes self management education and support .
• Control blood glucose : controlling blood glucose levels is let in preventing or delaying the development of diabetes complications .
• Identify the undiagnosed patient : detection of prediabetes and diabetes is essential in preventing or delaying the development of cardiovascular diseases.
• Manage prediabetes : led by the national institute of health , the diabetes prevention program found that participants in the life style intervention study were able to achieve a 58% reduction in diabetes incidence over 3 years .
• Offer nutrition therapy .
• Encourage regular physical activity .