Question

QUESTION 11 Three (3) non-modifiable risk factors for cancer are whereas three modifiable risk factors are and

Answer 1

Answer three non modifiable of risk factors for cancer are:- (1.) Aging (2.) Family history (3.) Exposure to environment.

Modifiable risk factors of cancer are:-

(1.)Drink alcohol and use tobacco.

(2.) Obesity and

(3.) Exposure to sunlight.

Non modifiable risk factors for cancer are :-

Aging:- Age is the non modifiable risk factor for developing cancer. It is observed that there are 60% of people who have cancer are 65 or older. This is happens because our cells can get damaged over time. This damage can build up as we age, and can sometimes lead to cancer.

Inheriting faulty cancer genes:- Inherited cancer syndrome can be caused by family history of certain cancers. Some defective genes may passed from parent to infant which are known as inherited cancer genes . The defective genes occur when there is a defect in female egg or male sperm cell. These faulty Gene passed on to infants from parents. These genes would normally protect us against cancer – they correct DNA damage that naturally occurs when cells divide. Inheriting a faulty copy of one of these genes means that it cannot repair damaged DNA in cells. Thus this faulty genes cause cancer.

Environmental factors: Individual can avoid modifiable cancer causing factors such as use of tobacco and drinking alcohol and exposure to sun light. But environmental exposure is not easy to avoid, because they are present in the air we breathe or food we eat , water we drink or the chemical substances we work in our laboratory or workplaces.

Modifiable cancer risk factors are:-

Use of tobacco or drinking alcohol:-alcohol gets in to our blood flow and can cause damage all around the body. Drinking alcohol increases the risk of mouth cancer, upper throat cancer, food pipe cancer, voice box cancer, breast cancer, bowel cancer and liver cancer. Alcohol drinking alone cause various kind of cancers. Drinking and smoking are worse than either one alone, because together tobacco and alcohol cause more damage to cells in the body. Alcohol makes it easier for the mouth and throat to absorb the cancer-causing chemicals in tobacco.

Obesity:- Overweight is the biggest cause of cancer after smoking. Individuals who are over weight may have an increased risk of several types of cancer, including cancers of the breast , esophagus, kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder. Eating a healthy diet, being physically active, and keeping a healthy weight may help reduce risk of some cancers. Remaining physically active and using a nutrition full diet also help in reducing the risk of cancer. The older person who are physically inactive have more increased risk of cancer.

Exposure to sunlight :- we all know that radiation from sun constitutes various harmful radiation . Ultra violet radiation exposure on our skin can cause early aging of our skin .the damage to our skin caused by ultra violet radiation can cause skin cancer . Ultraviolet radiation are reflected by sand , ice, snow or water and can pass through windows or light clothing. The exposure to sun light is very high between 10:00 am to 04:00 pm . Direct exposure to sun light during this time period should be avoided. skin cancer is more common among people with a light skin tone, people of all skin tones can develop skin cancer, including those with dark skin.