Question

Which of the following is true regarding Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)?

Question 2 options:

	PKD is the result of a direct injury to the tissues of the kidney by infection or a decrease in blood flow/perfusion
	Earliest clinical manifestations include renal calculi formation and back pain, urinary tract infection, and hypotension
	Fluid filled cysts form causing the surrounding normal renal tissue to compress, become damaged, and enlarge the kidney
	PKD individuals will need to take antibiotics for the rest of their lives to prevent the development of chronic renal failure and the need for kidney transplant

Question 3 (1 point)

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Which of the following is NOT true regarding Diverticular Disease?

Question 3 options:

	More than one diverticulum is called a diverticulosis
	Diet high in fiber, increased fluid intake and daily exercise should be encouraged to help prevent complications
	Complications of diverticulitis can include perforation of the bowel, abscess formation, and rectal bleeding
	Treatment of diverticular disease may include antibiotics, bowel rest, bowel resection, or colostomy

Question 4 (1 point)

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Match the four different forms of incontinence:

Question 4 options:

1234 This incontinence is the result of chronic overdistention and urinary retention in the bladder 1234 Detrusor muscle overactivity is the cause and there is urgency and frequency many times a day 1234 The inability to hold urine because of prolonged immobility 1234 Involuntary leakage of urine because of poor pelvic support or weakness in the urethral sphincter

1. Stress Incontinence 2. Urge Incontinence 3. Overflow Incontinence 4. Functional Incontinence

Question 5 (1 point)

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The basic processes of the renal system include all of the following except:

Question 5 options:

	The regulation of electrolytes and acid base
	Maintains the balance of urine output and eliminates of metabolic wastes
	Contributes to the production of white blood cells
	Regulates systemic blood pressure

Answer 1

Question 2

Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease which occurs due to mutation.In this cysts are formed in the kidney.If untreated can fully spread to the kidney making it loose its function .Patient may experience back pain, hematuria,bloating,UTI,renal calculi, increse blood pressure

Ans :Fluid filled cysts from causing the surrounding normal renal tissues to compress,become damage, and enlarge the kidney.

Question 3

Diverticular diseases refers to swelling or bulging of the sacs in the intestinal layers. They usually lead to raise in temperature, pain in abdomen,alteration in bowel pattern leading to constipation, nausea and vomiting .High fibre diet ,adequate fluids,fruits,vegetable, etc., are yo be consumed.Complication leads to rectal bleeding.In diverticulosis more than one sacs are affected.Laxatives are the Lon of treatment.

Ans:Treatment of diverticular disease may include antibiotics, bowel rest,bowel resection or colostomy

Question 4

1.Stress incontinence :This occurs due to any activity like coughing, sneezing, exercise ,etc.,The sphincter control is lost here to cause incontinence

Involuntary leakage of urine due to poor pelvic support or weakness in the urethral sphinter

2.Urge incontinence Here the patient cannot hold the urine

The inability to hold urine because of prolonged immobility

3.Overflow incontinence :This occurs to over activity UN the bladder function causing loss of sensation while urination

Detrusor muscle over activity is the cause and there is urgency and frequency many times a day

4:Functional incontinence :Here the bladder looses its function of retaining the urine and voiding it leading to incontinence occurs due to nerve damage

This incontinence is the result of chronic over distension and urinary retention in the bladder

Question 5

The renal system functions by excreting the wastes from the body.Doing so can result in maintaining the acid base balance.The mechanism is also responsible fo.It is not involved in the synthesis of white blood cells.

Ans:contributes to the production of white blood cells.