Question

Explain the process by which Staphylococcus bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics. Explain the long term effects of MRSA infection, and its burden on the general population.

Answer 1

Antibiotic resistance is the biggest threat to healthcare.During the time when Alexander Fleming discovered penicillins it was a remarkable invention in the history of healthcare and which reduced bacterial caused infections and mortality in whole .But at that time most of the bacterias like gram positive cock,an Gram negative bacteria were susceptible to almost all forms of penicillins.but over the year of excessive use slowly resistance were noticed .

Bacterias become resistant to antibiotic over a slow process due to excessive use the bacterias develop newer strains genetically by cell mutations and by accquiring foreign genetic code . mutations is the strength of the bacteria to divide and mutate when mutations occur they develop ability against antibiotics slowly and then they shred the susceptible cells and resistance cells becomes the dominant cells . mutations resistance is usually caused by reducing the effect of drug .the other mechanism for resistance Is acquisition of foreign DNA by continuous use of antibiotics the bacteria becomes conditioned to a particular drug which causes development of new genes .

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a multi drug resistant organism which is affecting the countries like United States, Canada, Europe,.it is also reason for epidemic which has led to community acquired infections.more than hospital accquired infections.MRSA is a very virulent infection and easily spreads through contact transmissions which makes it easier to spread . staphylococcus aureus is also a normal flora of human body which tells that many human beings are. Natural carriers of staphylococcus aureus.because of this colonization and easy transmission MRSA caused skin infection,wound infection, cellulitis is of a bigger concern.MRSA is a Resistant bacteria which reduces the treatment option except vancomycin which is the drug of choice .long-term MRSA can also lead to lymphatic impairment as it reduces the fluid pumping of lymphatic system.

This wide spread MRSA can be reduced by following decolonisation protocols using muprirocin ointment and chlorhexidine bath, Isolation precautions,strict contact isolation,personal hygiene  

MRSA is the leading cause of sepsis related mortality