Question

9. Compare the pathophysiology and causes of AKI with those of CKD.

Answer 1

Acute kidney injury can be reversed but chronic kidney dusesae cannot be reversed and needs a life long management with life supportive medica tion and devices

	Acute Kidney Injury	Chronic Kidney Injury
Causes	low blood volume due to diarrhoea, fluid loss,bleeding ,vomiting , diarrhoea High blood pressure Above 65 years Peripheral artery diseases Infection Lover failure Kidney infection or problems	Medical conditions like diabetes and hypertension Autoimmune diseases
Pathophysiology	when there is decreased blood supply to the kidney ,it leads to ischemia ,long term will lead to decreased oxygen to cells ,this triggers theb other metabolic substrates to compensate ,when this compensation fails or not adequate it leads to constriction of blood vessels, injury,inflammation and loss of function in maintaining the normal acid base balance ,alterations in electrolyte level causing symptoms	The above causes leads to chronic degeneration and alterations of the cells in the kidney,inflammatory processs happens,damages the glomerulus and decreases the GFR below 30 and decreasing the fluid elimination from the body and retention in the body leading to the signs and symptoms