Question

• Fill out the chart with information based on the medication listed (3)
• aspirin
• ibuprofen
• celecoxib (Celebrex)
• 
  Medication ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: STUDENT NAME MEDICATION REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER CATEGORY CLASS PURPOSE OF MEDICATION Therapeutic Use Expected Pharmacological Action Complications Medication Administration Contraindications/Precautions Nursing Interventions Interactions Client Education Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURE A7
  

Answer 1

Aspirin

Aspirin is an analgesic drug, also known as Acetylsalycilic acid.

*Pharmacological action: Aspirin is an analgesic , anti inflammatory and antipyretic medication. These therapeutic effects are achieved through action of inhibition of Prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting Cyclooxygenase enzyme.

It is also used as an antiplatelet agent to prevent clotting.

*Therapeutic use:

Pain( muscle cramps, headache, migraine, bloating, neuropathic pain)

Fever

Inflammations like Rheumatoid arthritis

Heart attacks and ischemic strokes: due to antiplatelet properties clotting of blood inside the blood vessels can be avoid with aspirin. It is a blood thinning agent

*Complications

Haemorrhagic stroke

Stomach ulcer and Gastrointestinal bleeding

In allergic patients, aspirin may cause severe allergic reactions

Reye's Syndrome( a rare disorder causes brain and liver damage in children, who had recent viral infection. Aspirin increases the risk of Reye's Syndrome)

*Contraindications

Ulcers

bleeding disorders

alcohol use

Children and teenagers( It is contraindicated during flu and other illness, it may cause Reye's Syndrome)

*Interactions

Aspirin can interact with medication such as Heparin, Ibuprofen, anti depressants( clomipramine), Corticosteroids and also dietary supplements such as Ginko, fish oil, bilberry

Medication administration

Oral tablets for fever and pain

oral solutions ( trilisate- magnesium salicylate)

Rectal suppositories( to insert into rectum)

Topical applications for neuropathic pain

*Nursing interventions:

Assess for any allergic history to drugs

Assess patient for signs bleeding such as ecchymosis, bleeding gums , black or bloody stools.

Provide adequate fluids

Administer medication as per Doctor's order

*Client education

- Instruct the client to avoid alcohol

- Encourage to drink adequate fluids

- Instruct the patient not to take other medicines or herbal supplements without physician order

*Evaluation of medication effectiveness

Effectiveness of Aspirin can be monitored by patient reports on pain relief or reduction in pain intensity, reduction of body temperature to normal, reduction in redness and edema around an affected joint.

Ibuprofen

*Expected pharmacological action

anti- inflammatory and analgesic action by inhibiting Cyclooxygenase enzyme and thus inhibiting the Prostaglandins.

*Therapeutic use: Reduces pain in Headaches, menstrual cramps, dental pain, arthritis.

Decreases swelling and fever.

*Complications

Liver failure

blood in the urine

anemia and low platelet condition

Stroke and heart attack

Kidney damage

*Contraindications

Hypersensitivity

Patients who experienced allergic reactions to aspirin such as Asthma, urticaria

Hypertension

Gastric ulcers

* Drug interactions

Ibuprofen may interact with drugs such as aspirin, Eliquis, Trexal, alka - seltzer.

*medication administration

* Nursing interventions

Assess the history of allergy, hepatic or renal impairment or bleeding disorders

Monitor renal and hepatic function test

Administer medication as per Doctor's order

Monitor for fluid imbalance and any complication

*Client education: Instruct the client to;

-Avoid alcohol use

-Notify the physician , if taking any anticoagulant medication

- take medication with food or milk

- take plenty of fluids

* Evaluation of medication effectiveness

Effectiveness can be monitored by patient 's report on reduction of pain intensity or relief of pain.

Celecoxib

*Expected pharmacological action

Analgesic, anti- inflammatory and antipyretic properties ( by inhibiting Cyclooxygenase enzyme-2, thus inhibiting the Prostaglandin synthesis

*Therapeutic use

Arthritis and Spondylitis( to decrease pain and inflammation), primary dysmenorrhea

*Complications

Hepatic complications

Kidney problems

Hypertension

Dyspnea

*Contraindications

Advanced renal disease

Hypersensitivity

Hepatic dysfunction

third trimester pregnancy

Coronary artery bypass graft Surgery

History of asthma and other allergy

*Interactions

Celecoxib may interact with drugs such as furosemide, Fluconozole, lithium, aspirin, corticosteroids

*Medication administration

Capsules are available( 50 ,100, 200 mg ). administer oral tablets

Nursing interventions

Client education

-Instruct the client to :have plenty of fluids, take medication as per instruction, notify healthvare provider , if any complication like bloody or dark stool, abdominal pain, edema, chest pain

* Evaluation of medication effectiveness

Patient's report on pain relief or reduction in pain intensity, reduction in joint swelling,