Question

Q1: Write the etiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis and precautions for Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

Q2: Write difference between bacterial and viral meningitis.

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Answer 1

ANS) Q1) The Chediak-Higashi Syndrome(CHS) is a infrequent,inherited immune disease that normally happens in the youth or early years distinguished by decreased pigment in skin and eyes,immune insufficiency with an enlarged vulnerability to infections and a propensity to contusion and bleed simply.

Etiology - The fundamental fault is mutation in LYST or CHSI gene.This gene is accountable for the management of lysosomal dealing and the synthesis,blending and conveying of the cytoplasmic granules.It is present on the lengthy arm of chromosome.Around forty dissimilar mutations have been found,involving nonsense and missense mutations and removal and placing.

Pathogenesis - The mutation of the lysosomal trafficking regulator(LYST) gene or the Chediak Higashi Syndrome (CHSI) gene distorts the protein making and influence the storing and the secretory uses of the lysosomal granules of leukocytes,platelets azurophilic granules of the neutrophils .The imperfections concludes in more larger vesicles and non-working lysosomes.

Clinical Presentation - This involve,

immunodeficiency - The affected peoples have repeated infections that are frequently serious and starts in early childhood.These patients are mainly vulnerable to various fungal and bacterial infections with pneumococcal and streptococcal group of living organisms being most important.

Bleeding Tendency - The symptoms involve epistaxis,gum bleeding etc..

Neurological manifestations - Neurological characteristics presented by adulthood in spite of victorious allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Precautions - Evaluate the existence of accelerated phase.

Conduct a depth neurological inspection.

Genetic Consultation.

Q2)   VIRAL MENINGITIS -

The viral meningitis is a usual type of meningitis in mature individuals and older child's.This may be created by various dissimilar viruses,but the most usual are the herpes simplex virus,shingles virus and also the enterovirus.And in this,the enteroviruses are the very usual one.

Some of the symptoms of the viral meningitis are fever,headache,stiffness etc...

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS -

This type of meningitis is not very common like the viral meningitis.But this type of meningitis can occur to any person of any age.This type of meningitis is caused by the meningococcal and Haemophilus influenzae. The bacterial meningitis can happen next to sepsis,which is the most dangerous type of disease and frequently includes the bacteria occupying the blood as well as sepsis can happen with or may be unaccompanied by bacterial meningitis.

Some of the symptoms include vomiting,limb pain,cold hands and feeling sick etc...

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