Question

What are two drugs that are often abused and are readily available at grocery stores? What are their effects, and why are they linked to substance-related disorders?

Answer 1

1. cough medicines that contain dextromethorphan or DXM :

Most cough preparations contain dextromethorphan. DXM at 15-30mg can be used to relieve cough but when taken in higher doses leads to drug abuse. Abusers usually consume 360 milligrams or more. the effects of overdose include 'out of the body' sensation, loss of motor control, and hallucinations. the side effects include ;impaired judgement, paranoia, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, impaired vision, palpitations, flushing of the skin, high blood pressure , hyperthermia, seizures, loss of consciousness and can even lead to death.

The National Institute on drug abuse reports that abuse of DXM can lead to development of substance abuse disorder. it can cause tolerance, physiological changes , psychological dependance and withdrawal symptoms. Hence abuse of DXM can be linked to substance abuse disorders.

2. cold medicines that contain pseudoephedrine

Pseudoephedrine is used a s a decongestant in many cold medications. it is abused as a stimulant. effects include: increased heart rate, high blood pressure, excitability, euphoria. pseudoephedrine can be used to make methamphetamine which is a powerful addictive. side effects include: vomiting, high heart rate, stomach pain, insomnia, hallucinations, seizures , cardiovascular collapse. The US laws have imposed restrictions on the use of pseudoephedrine.

Since it can lead to physical and psychological dependance and may cause withdrawal symptoms, abuse of pseudoephedrine can be linked to substance abuse disorders.