Gender and number words: Chang, Sandhofer, and Brown (2011) wondered whether mothers used number words more, on average, with their preschool sons than with their preschool daughters. Each participating family included one mother and one child—either female or male. They speculated that early exposure to more number words might predispose children to like mathematics. They reported the following: “An independent-samples t test revealed statistically significant differences in the percentages of overall numeric speech used when interacting with boys compared with girls, t(30) = 2.40, p< .05, d = .88. That is, mothers used number terms with boys an average of 9.49% of utterances (SD = 6.78%) compared with 4.64% of utterances with girls (SD = 4.43%)” (pp. 444–445).
What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
Here, in above-given research following are the independent and dependent variables:-
Independent variable:- Use of number words.
Dependent variables:- Response of comparision.
Because independent variables are those variables which are free from any restriction and any change in that variable directly hamper or changes the dependent variable that is a response of an independent variable.
Gender and number words: Chang, Sandhofer, and Brown (2011) wondered whether mothers used number words more,...
Gender and number words: Chang, Sandhofer, and Brown (2011) wondered whether mothers used number words more, on average, with their preschool sons than with their preschool daughters. Each participating family included one mother and one child—either female or male. They speculated that early exposure to more number words might predispose children to like mathematics. They reported the following: “An independent-samples t test revealed statistically significant differences in the percentages of overall numeric speech used when interacting with boys compared with...
Gender and number words: Chang, Sandhofer, and Brown (2011) wondered whether mothers used number words more, on average, with their preschool sons than with their preschool daughters. Each participating family included one mother and one child—either female or male. They speculated that early exposure to more number words might predispose children to like mathematics. They reported the following: “An independent-samples t test revealed statistically significant differences in the percentages of overall numeric speech used when interacting with boys compared with...
Gender and number words: Chang, Sandhofer, and Brown (2011) wondered whether mothers used number words more, on average, with their preschool sons than with their preschool daughters. Each participating family included one mother and one child—either female or male. They speculated that early exposure to more number words might predispose children to like mathematics. They reported the following: “An independent-samples t test revealed statistically significant differences in the percentages of overall numeric speech used when interacting with boys compared with...