Question

questions 1 through 5

PROBLEMS *1. A researcher is interested in the texting habits of high school students in the United States. The researcher selects a group of 100 students, measures the number of text messages that each individual sends each day, and calculates the average number for the group. a. Identify the population for this study. b. Identify the sample for this study. c. The average number that the researcher calculated is an example of a - 2. Define the terms population, sample, parameter, and statistic. 3. Statistical methods are classified into two major catego- ries: descriptive and inferential. Describe the general purpose for the statistical methods in each category. 4. Define the concept of sampling error and explain why this phenomenon creates a problem to be addressed by inferential statistics. 5. Describe the data for a correlational research study. Explain how these data are different from the data obtained in experimental and nonexperimental studies, which also evaluate relationships between two variables.

Answer 1

ANSWER Da th given information it is clear that the total ho of high school studente is the population of the study b Select loo Students from the population of Studente. A group of loo Students is the sample of the given Study 0 The average number that the researcher calculated is an example of a Statistic 2) Population & A Population is the set of all the individuals, responges, measurements, of counce that are of interest in a stway Pazameter = A Parameter is a homexical description of a population Characteristic, that describes a Porolation A Parameter's is usually devided from measuremente of the individuals in the population Sample : A Sample is a ser of individuals selected from a Population, usually intended to verresent the population in a research Study Statistics A Statielic is a numerical descrittion of a Sample characteristic. A Statistic is usually derived from measurements of the individuals in the Cam Sample

3) Descriptive Statistice Descriptive Statie kice axe Slatistical proceduree used to summarize, organize and simdify data. Descriptive Statistics are techniques that take row scores and organize or summarize them in a from that is more manageable often the scores are organized in a table or a graph so that it is possible to see the Entise set of scores Inf exential Statistics inferential statistics consist of Techniques that Pollow us to Study Samples and then make generaliza- tions about the populations from which they were Selected it is usually hot possible to measure every value in the porulation. Because populations are typically very large, a sample is selected to represent the population By analyse the result from the sample to make a general statement about the population. 4) Sampling cooor creates the fundamental problem that inferential Statistics. Example Consider a population of loo College Students. Ave4e Age - 1-2 Чех Average Iº = 119.5 female percentage -65, male percentage: 35 cs Scan Two Samples; each with 5 students who have been CamSca Belected from the population.

Samples Containe Kiran, una, Lausa, Karen Brian Sample statistice - Average Age 19.8 Years Average Io = 1046 female f. = 60% , male = 40%. Sample a Containe Pavan, Grow, Sara Abdew and John Sample statistice = Ang Age =20:14 - Aug Id = 1142 Female = 401, male = boil. we can see that the statistic vary from one samle to another because the characlesistics of Each Sample depend on the specific people in the sample Also the Statistics obtained for a sample are hot dentical to the parameters tore lex for the the entire to entire population Neither Sample has slastics that are exactly the same as the population parameters. Each Sample would produce different Statistics This is the basic concept of Sampling error Sample stastistics vary from one sample to another and typically are different from the corresponding Population Parameter. The difference is probably the result of tantony factors such as chance or maybe due to diff exences in the methods adopted for measuring and or IO The problem for inferential slastics is to study if the real difference is due to sampling Error or due go the different method Employed in measuring les

- A Correlational study is a quantitative method of research in which we have two cop) more Walitative Variable from the same group of subjects and we try determine whether there is a relationship b/w the variables. In the experiment method. Iwo different variables are observed to delesmine whether there is a relationship between them - these methods Evaluare relationship b/w Variables which compares two different groups of scores.