How can water treatment plants maintain adequate disinfectant residual concentration in water distribution systems (provide multiple...
How can water treatment plants maintain adequate disinfectant residual concentration in water distribution systems (provide multiple options)?
Provide at least 2 to 3 detailed options. Will rate thumbs up.
Homework Answers
When disinfectant is added to water, it does not only react with pathogenic micro organisms, but also with impurities such as soluble metals. Utilizing disinfectant to react with these substances make up disinfection demand of water.
Disinfection demand must be satisfied first, before a residual disinfectant concentration can be established.Disinfectant concentration that has to be added to water is sum of disinfection demand and residual disinfection concentration.
Residual disinfection concentration has to be maintained during required contact time to kill pathogenic micro organisms.
A dose of 12-20 mg/l chlorine is required to result in a free chlorine residual concentration of 6-8 mg/l.
The time required to deactivate a particular micro organisms decreases when applied disinfectant concentration is increased. To find out contact time, laboratory test are conducted.
CT- quantity of disinfectant to adquately disinfectant water
CT= disinfectant concentration X contact time
Type of micro organisms
Disinfectant kill pathogenic micro organisms. Some micro organisms can be resistant such as E-coli bacteria to disinfectant other than bacteia . E-coli bacteria are indicator organism.
Age of micro organisms
Young bacteria are easier to kill than older bacteria. When 2.0 mg/l chlorine is used, required contact time to deactivate bacteria of 10 days old is 30 minutes and that of 1 day old is 1 minute.
Water that requires treatment
Turbidity of water reduces affectivity of disinfection.
Temperation
Increasing temperature increase speed of reaction and of disinfection.Increasing temperature can also decrease disinfection as disinfectant falls apart
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How can water treatment plants maintain adequate
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8) Chlorine dioxide is a disinfectant used in municipal water-treatment plants. It dissolves in basic solution, producing chlorate and chlorite: 2 Clo, (e)+2 OH" (aq) → Clo, (aq) + Clo," (aq) + H20 (U) Experiment Cholo [OH-lo (M) 0.030 Initial Rate (Ms) 0.0248 0.060 0.020 0.030 0.00827 0.0247 0.020 0.090 a) The actual molecule being measured for these experiments (for initial rate) was OH(aq), since it's easy to measure pH. For experiment 1, at what rate would clo, (aq) be...
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store has a shape of a truncated cone as...
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