Question

18) The major advantage of free-operant methods over discrete trial procedures is that a. the animals learn more quickly b. free operant methods provide the opportunity to observe changes in the likelihood of behavior over time, which allows for analysis of behavior in meaningful units. c. free operant methods can reveal an animal's preferences, which is what makes this procedure resemble natural behaviors d. free-operant methods involve S-S learning, but discrete trial procedures involve S-R learning 19) Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement? a. receiving a time-out instead of a spanking b. turning off the radio when the DJ plays a song you dislike c. going out to dinner after winning an academic achievement award d. faking illness to avoid school in the morning 20) In a study where pigeons were reinforced only if the pattern of pecks delivered to two keys was different from the previous 50 patterns, researchers determined that a. reinforcement increases stereotypy b. behavioral variability can be the basis for instrumental reinforcement. c. reinforcement decreases intrinsic motivation. d. reinforcement decreases originality.

Answer 1

Question 18

Answer- Option b) free operant methods provide the opportunity to observe changes in the likelihood of behavior over time, which allows for analysis of behavior in meaningful units.

Explanation-Free operant method refers to the methods where responses are more natural and can be happened without any help of researcher. This method gives a researcher the opportunity to notice the modifications of a behavior and also helps to analyze that behavior.

Question 19

Answer- Option C) going out to dinner after winning an academic achievement award.

Explanation- Positive reinforcement can be presented after performing something really desirable. A Positive reinforcement can increase that desirable behavior over time. Here going out to dinner after achieving success is the perfect example of positive reinforcement.

Question 20

Answer- Option b) behavioral variability can be the basis for instrumental reinforcement.

Explanation- Instrumental reinforcement is basically given to increase the chances repeating an activity. Here in the study in which pigeons were reinforced after the delivering of pecks to two different keys so we can conclude that variability must be seen in a behavior to be reinforced.