Homework Answers
Answer
- Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that transmit impulses from a motor neuron to the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fiber in order to initiate muscle contraction.
- After the contraction, the acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft has to be cleared in order to relax the muscle.
- Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme found in synaptic cleft. It causes breakdown of acetylcholine molecule into acetic acid and choline.
- As soon as ACh is removed from the synapse, the
stimulation of sarcolemma is terminated.
- Calcium also plays an important role in muscle contraction. The myofilaments actin and myosin forms cross bridge to contract in the presence of calcium ions.
- In order to relax the muscle, Ca2+ has to be removed from the sarcoplasm.
- Ca2+ pumps are located in the membrane of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Following muscle contraction, these pumps uses ATP to transport the calcium ions back into sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Due to lack of calcium in sarcoplasm, the site for myosin binding on actin filament remains blocked by tropomyosin.
- This interferes with cross bride formation leading to muscle relaxation.
In this way, acetylcholinesterase and Ca2+ pumps function in the relaxation of a muscle.
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