Question

1. Consider the following questions

a) Is it True or False that “Call by value” in a C function (C programming language) always return a value?

b) Based on the following:

x := 10;
y := 5;
z := x + y;
write(z);

Execution of these statements prints the value 42 on the console. Is this language Declarative or Imperative?

c) Which language processing component detects the following Java error?

int x, y;

boolean z;

z = x + y

The Preprocessor , Scanner, Parser or the Semantic Analyzer?

Answer 1

Answer to a)

False. There is no necessity of a function in C to return a value always. It depends upon the programmer whether the function returns a value.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

void print(int formal_parameter)
{
printf("a = %d",formal_parameter);
}

int main()
{
int a = 10;
print(a);

return 0;
}

Output:

а 10 ... Program finished with exit code 0 Press ENTER to exit console.

Answer to b)

Imperative focuses on the steps one requires to reach the desired goal or in our case output. While Declarative programming focuses on what the programmer wants as output and yes emphasis on the fact that we don't actually care what the steps are.

In this example we maintain x and y and then proceed on to do the sum and put it in z. SO we are focussing on the steps implying that the this language is IMPERATIVE.

Answer to c)

It is clearly a  type mismatch between operator and operand. Which implies it a semantical error and is detected by 'SEMANTIC ANALYZER'