Question

What is regional innovation system? What are the main actors in a regional innovation system? Compare different types of regional innovation systems in varieties of capitalism literature, and answer: Why do we say regional innovation system is not only shaped by local policies, but also by extra-regional actors?

Answer 1

What is regional innovation system (RIS)?

The regional innovation system work in the firms who operates their business in multiple region (may be areas in the city, multiple cities in state or multiple States in country and sometimes may be different countries). For example Google called its business for Asia pacific as APAC region and US as BSNA region. Firm’s ultimate goal is to have business from multiple region and their will opportunities for growth. The firm provides platform to perform for innovation based on the present skills and business needs. The other potential aim is to create a healthy competitiveness between the regions. The competitiveness by the means for creating benchmarks, role models and target set-up for patent filing, patent qualification ideas, inventions in existing system etc.

What are the main actors in a regional innovation system?

· Business performance: The growth and stability in business is important actor and makes region to think innovative. They can do because they can invest time, money on innovation. In opposite case, the region suffering from business loss mostly less innovative.

· Comparativeness: Every region wants to see them at top. This encourage them to keep running for innovation, filling up patents, filling up ideas on large platform.

· Base skills of region: Employee of every region have some base skills based on the trend of industrialization in their area. Important is to enhance and organize those skill and utilize them for innovations and inventions in business.

· Supportive leadership: The leadership plays an important role. The support from leadership for innovation keeps region motivated towards the innovation.

· Culture & Trend: The culture and trend of innovation keeps present environment enthusiastic.

· Strategies: “Innovation and Invention” strategies set by an organization (regional influenced by standards) gives platform to perform innovative, spend time on innovation and ideas.

· Infrastructure: The facilities for innovation and implementation should be effective. This consists IT network, partnership with institutes, membership of journal, important tool and tackles etc.

Compare different types of regional innovation systems in varieties of capitalism literature, and answer:

	National innovation systems RIS	Territorially integrated RIS
Innovation base infrastructure	Science and Technological parks.	Production structure and Institution set-up
Cost of capitalism	Comparatively More	Comparatively very less
Knowledge sharing Network	Worldwide	Regional based.
Innovation degree	High	Low
Mix up of technology	More	Less
Results	Generally Slower	Comparatively quicker
Bottom-up innovation	Depth of innovation is more because of the influence of many though.	Depth of innovation is low.
Effect of Task environment	More	Less
Effect of General environment	Equal	Equal

Why do we say regional innovation system is not only shaped by local policies, but also by extra-regional actors?

Answer: We say it, because the RIS is having always influence of competiveness, external ideas and ‘doing better in best’. The extra-regional actors like