Question

15. Testing a population proportion formulating hypotheses and determining the type of test Cervical cancer is cancer of the cervix, the part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. It is almost always caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV) and is typically screened for using the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, also known as the pap smear. A recent study showed that DNA testing for HPV is more effective than the Pap test in detecting cervical cancer. (Source: Marie-Helene Mayrand, et al., "Human Papillovirus DNA versus Papanicolaou Screening Tests for Cervical Cancer," New England Journal of Medicine 357, no. 16 (2007).) Suppose you are a physician at a leading research hospital and you would like to evaluate the effectiveness of HPV DNA testing in screening for cervical cancer. You conduct a hypothesis test to determine whether the proportion of cervical cancers detected using DNA testing is lower than the proportion of cervical cancers detected using the Pap test. Assume that the proportion of cervical cancers detected using the Pap test is 57%, or 0.57. You conduct the test on a sample of 1,745 women who were initially screened using the DNA test and later confirmed to have cervical cancer by more comprehensive tests. The sample proportion of cervical cancers initially detected by the DNA test is p = 0.92. Let p denote the proportion of cervical cancers detected using DNA testing. Formulate your null and alternative hypotheses by selecting the appropriate values in the blue dropdown menus: Ho: H: The test you conduct is test.

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Answer 1

15. H₀: p = 0.57

H_a: p < 0.57

left-tailed

16. 9.21

3.03

17. 0.1056

0.0493

18. Standard Normal

Option B

Option B