Question

Gender was considered as a potential effect modifier (to assess interaction between gender and cell phone use) in this study. The data were stratified into males and females in order to assess the possibility: c. Is gender an effect modifier in this study? . Briefly justify your answer

Males                                                                    Females

Cases   Controls                                                          Cases   Controls                                             

Cell                 Yes      242      150                                          Yes                  28        50

Phone

Users               No       100     50                                            No                   105      150

                  Stratum-specific OR = 0.8                                                Stratum-specific OR = 0.8     

Answer 1

Sol:

Males Females yes No Cases controls 242 100 28 105 Cases controls Cellular Phone 150 50 50 150 yes No odds ratio for Males (4*D) (B*C) (242) (50) (150) (100) 12100 15000 0.8 (A* D odds ratio for Females = (B*C) (28) (150) (105) (50) 4200 5250 = 0.8

Conclusion: There is no association between males and females. Gender is a confounder in the study but not an effect modifier.

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