Question

Handedness Gender Right Male Right Female Right Male Right Female Right Male Right Female Right Male Right Female Right Male Right Male Right Male Left Female Right Female Left Male Left Male Right Female Right Female Right Female Left Male Left Male Right Male Right Male Left Male Right Male Right Female Handedness Right Right Left Right Right Right Right Right Left Left Right Right Right Right Right Right Right Left Right Right Right Right Right Right Left Gender Female Female Male Female Male Male Female Female Male Male Female Female Female Female Male Male Male Male Female Female Male Male Female Male Female Handedness Right Right Left Right Right Left Right Right Right Right Right Right Right Left Right Left Right Right Left Right Right Right Right Right Left Gender Female Female Female Female Male Male Male Female Female Female Male Male Male Male Male Female Male Male Female Female Female Male Male Female Female Full data table: Handedness Gender Right Female Right Male Right Female Right Female Right Male Right Female Right Female Right Male Right Female Right Male Right Female Right Female Right Male Right Male Right Male Right Male Left Female Right Male Right Female Right Female Right Female Right Male Right Male Right Female Right Female Print Done

Answer 1

                                              Handness

Gender                          Right                            Left

Male                              a= 39                            b=11              a+b= 50

Female                           c= 43                            d= 7             c+d= 50

                                     a+c= 82                        b+d=18           N= 100

H₀ : The handness of an individual is independent of gender

H₁ : The handness of an individual is not independent of gender

Test Statistic:

     χ² = N*{ (ad-bc)^2 } /{ (a+b)*(a+c)*(b+d)*(c+d) }

    χ² = 100*{ (39*7-11*43)^2 }/50*82*18*50

    χ² = 1.084011

by rounding upto 3 decimal ponit

    χ² = 1.084

Given : α = level of significance = 0.01

degress of freedom=1

χ² (0.01,1) = 6.6349

p - value = 0.2978

Here , χ² (0.01,1) > χ²

also p - value > α

Hence we fail to rejet H₀ or do not reject H₀

So, there is insufficient evidence that the " handness " of an individual is not independent of gender.