7.) Psychologists have long understood the power of perception. There are a plethora of studies to support the self-fulfilling prophecy, the phenomenon whereby ones expectations can create that reality. The classic example is that a teacher’s expectation that certain students will do well in class can actually cause randomly picked students to improve. Can this type of phenomenon occur with animals? Dr. Dane decides to test his theory that it can, by using a group of dog owners (and their pooches) who have enrolled in a 4 session dog-training program. Six owner/dog pairs are randomly picked from the large class for participation in his study. Three of the owner/dog pairs are for the control group. The other three owners are told (privately) that their dogs show a particular aptitude for training and should be expected to show marked improvements over the course of the sessions. The owners in the control group were simply given the same encouragement as everyone else in the class. The following are the final dog obedience aptitude scores for the six dogs that participated in the study (higher numbers are better scores):
Control Group Treatment Group (Pos. Exp)
16 32
22 24
31 34
1) Compute the appropriate analysis to determine if Dr. Dane is correct that the treatment group dogs performed significantly better than the control group dogs.
2.) Do you see any possible problems with the analysis above?
If we look at the average of the aptitude scores of the control group, it is 23 (16,22,31) while the average aptitude score for the treatment group is 30 (32, 24, 34). However, since the process is random in nature, it is to be represented by the Gaussian (Normal) distribution with the mean score for the maximum number of population. The problem with this analysis is that since it is a random process, we need large sample to plot the Gaussian distribution to arrive at conclusion. Monitoring 3 samples for each case to plot Gaussian will not give us the real picture.
7.) Psychologists have long understood the power of perception. There are a plethora of studies to...
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