Question

State the following terms

Super structure

Foundation

Temporary works

Answer 1

1. SUPERSTRUCTURE

• Superstructure is the portion a building which is seen above the ground level.
• It is this portion which caters the intended use of the building.
• Superstructure includes the walls, floors, columns, beams, door, window, lintel, parapet,staircases etc.
• Superstructure transmits the load received to the substructure or foundation.

2. FOUNDATION

• Foundation is the important and lowermost part of a building situated under the ground level.
• Foundation transmits the load of the building to the ground evenly and safely.
• Foundation is used to anchor the building to the ground to prevent it from overturning under lateral forces.

3. TEMPORARY WORKS

• Construction works can be of permanent and termporary nature.
• Permanent works include structures which will remain for a long period of time such as roads, bridges, buildings etc.
• Temporary works are those works which helps in the construction of permanent structures.
• Usually temporary works are removed after use.
• Examples of temporary works are scaffolds, props, shoring, excavation support, formwork, falsework etc.
• Temporary works should be carefully designed as it is liable to fail or collapse placing the workers at risk and can cause delay of project.