Question

QUESTION 1. (a) What are Smart-grids and Micro-grids? (b) Itemize at least five of some of the technological developments that have occurred in conjunction with ac transmission, including developments in insulation, protection, and control, in the power system industry. (c) Design a model of a power system containing at least four generators connected to step-up power transformers feeding transmission lines. The system should have step-down transformers at the load end. Assign appropriate loads and remember to show other important equipment and parameters in the system. Clearly label all the equipment in your design [6+59 Marks

Answer 1

(a) Smart grids : A smart grid is basically a digital technology which permits two-way communication between the utility and its users. The sensing along the transmission lines makes the grid smart. Just like the internet, a smart grid consists of controls, computers, automation, new technologies and equipments of working together. However, in the case of a smart grid, such technologies work with the electrical grid to provide quick digital response according to our variable demand of electricity.

Micro grids: A microgrid is a local energy grid that is capable of control. That means it can disconnect itself from the main grid and perform the operations autonomously. A microgrid is usually conneted to the main grid at a point of common coupling. In the microgrid, the point of common coupling helps to maintain the voltage at the same level as the main grid . However, if there is some sort of problem in the main grid , the microgrid is capable of disconnecting itself.