Question

I. Read Chapters 29 to 30 for Quiz # 7 ( Next Week)

II. Pain Assessment and management in children.

a) Write a description and interpretation of the several pain assessment scales

FLACC

CHEOPS

TPPPS, PPPRS, PPPM

COMFORT

FACES ( FPS-R and Wong-Baker)

OUCHER

Numerical rating scale (NRS)

Visual analog scale(VAS)

NCCPC-PV

NIPS

CRIES

PIPP

NPASS

Use your book and Internet Resources ( credible sources)

starting only from : OUCHER

Numerical rating scale (NRS)

Visual analog scale(VAS)

NCCPC-PV

NIPS

CRIES

PIPP

NPASS

Use your book and Internet Resources ( credible sources)

Answer 1

Pain assessment scales

OUCHER pain scale is use to determine the pain of children from 0-10 and in pictures.Number form use for older children, while pictures use for young children.

Numerical rating scales:- In this scale, patient requires to explain pain scale from 0-10 or 0-20 or 0-100.0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain.

Visual analogue scale:-This pain scale is used for acute and chronic pain where the patient is asked to mark a 10 cm line.Here,0 is marked when there is no pain and 10 is maximum pain.

NCCPC-PV( Non communicating children's pain checklist- postoperative version): This is used for children from 3- 18 years with intellectual disability and no verbal communication.There is five step scale in which 0 is no at all,1 is just a little,2 is fairly often ,3 is very often and NA is not applicable.

NIPS(Mental infant pain scale) is using for both term and preterm neonates.It consists of 6 indicaters.facial expression,cry, breathing pattern,arms,legs,state of arousal. Infants should be assessed for 1 minute.The score ranges from 0-7.0-2 is mild to no pain,3-4 is mild to moderate pain.and >4 is severe pain.

CRIES is a neonatal pain assessment tool in which neonates are assessed for crying, increase oxygen administration, increased vital signs, expression and sleeplessness.

PIPP(Premature infant preterm pain scale) This is used for the preterm infant with a score of 0-12.There are 7indicaters are assessed . Gestational age, behavioral chart,heart rate, oxygen saturation,brow bulge,eye squeeze and nasolabial furrow.

NPASS(neonatal pain agitation and sedation scale). Assessment criteria are crying irritability, behaviour state, facial expressions, extremities tone and vital signs.