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The Copeland Company was founded on January 1, 2017; since then, the company has been fairly successful; however, in an effor
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Answer #1

A)

Income Statement for the year ended 2018 and 2019

2018 2019
Revenues (A) 164,000 183,000
Expenses :
Rent Expense 12,800 13,100
Selling and admin expenses 6,400 7,300
Payroll expenses 82,300 93,500
Total Expenses (B) 101,500 113,900
Net income (C) = A - B 62,500 69,100

Statement of Retained Earnings for the year ended 2018 and 2019

2018 2019
Retained Earnings Jan 1 164,200 221,900
Add: Net income 62,500 69,100
Sub Total 226,700 291,000
Less: Dividend 4,800 3,200
Retained Earnings December 31 221,900 287,800

Balance Sheet at the end of 2018 and 2019

2018 2019
Assets :
Cash 13,500 18,600
Accounts Receivable 1,600 2,800
Property and equipment 273,400 337,230
Total Assets 288,500 358,630
Liabilities and shareholder's equity :
Accounts payable 10,600 10,830
Note payable 16,000 20,000
Total liabilities 26,600 30,830
Shareholder's equity
Common stock 40,000 40,000
Retained Earnings, December 31 221,900 287,800
Total Shareholder's equity 261,900 327,800
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity 288,500 358,630

B) Performance from the bank perspective :

Before sanctioning loans bank authority always checks the following ratios :

Debt to total assets ratio :

Debt to total assets ratio = Total debts / Total assets

2018 = 26,600 / 288,500 = 0.0922 or 9.22 %

2019 = 30,830 / 358,630 = 0.0860 or 8.60%

So, dependency on borrowed fund decreased, which is a good financial indicator .

Debt equity ratio = Total debts / Total Shareholder's equity

2018 = 26,600 / 261,900 = 0.1016 or 10.16 %

2019 = 30,830 / 327,800 = 0.0941 or 9.41 %

In capital structure , proportion of debt reduced and proportion of equity increased , which is favorable to get loan from bank.

Operating Profit ratio = [Operating income / net sales ] X 100 %

Here , there is no non operating income or expenses so, net income = net operating income.

2018 = [62,500 / 164,000] X 100 % = 38.11 %

2019 = [69,100/183,000] X 100% = 37.76 %

Operating profit ratio in both of the years are very good .In 2019 it has been decreased marginally ,which may not effect to obtain loan from the bank.

So, overall the performance of the company improved in 2019 which is favorable to obtain loan from the bank .

From the investor perspective :

Apart from the above ratios , Dividend pay out ratio is very important for them .

Dividend pay out ratio = dividend paid / net income

2018 = 4,800 / 62,500 = 0.0768 or 7.68 %

2019 = 3,200 / 69,100 = 0.0463 or 4.63%

Prospective investors will not been attracted if they need instant maximum return . So the performance is not good for attracting conservative investors but good for attracting adventurous investors , who can sacrifice today's share of profit for tomorrow's fortune .

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