Question

In controlled comparison research, the observed relationship between an independent variable (X) and a dependent variable (Y) may be caused by some other, uncontrolled compositional difference (Z). So, we always ask, “How else, besides the independent variable, are the groups I am comparing not the same?” For the hypothesis below, do the following: (i) Think up a plausible alternative causal variable. (ii) Describe how this variable might affect the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.

In a comparison of individuals, younger people are more likely to vote Democratic than are older people.

Answer 1

Answer:

A). In a comparison of individuals, younger people are more likely to vote Democratic than are older people.

(i) Plausible alternative variable: Race of voter

(ii) Older Americans are more likely to be white and they’re also more likely to be religious (Protestant or Catholic in particular) – and both of those demographic groups also tend to vote Republican for reasons that are quite separate from pension plans.

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