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2. In this problem, the domain of discourse is the set of positive integers: {1, 2,...

2. In this problem, the domain of discourse is the set of positive integers: {1, 2, 3, ...}. Which statements are true? If an existential statement is true, give an example. If a universal statement is false, give a counterexample.

(a) ∀x(x 2 − 1 > 0)

(b) ∀x(x 2 − x > 0)

(c) ∃x(x 3 = 8)

(d) ∃x(x + 1 = 0)

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