Question

Please provide step by step spss instructions for numbers 5-10

To prepare for this Assignment, imagine that you have information about how 20 nursing students and 20 psychology students felt about starting PSYC 3002 on Day 1 of this class. You want to know if nursing students and psychology students felt differently about embarking on the Introduction to Basic Statistics journey.

Data Set :

Nursing	Psychology
Nervous	4	11
Excited	16	9

Another way of looking at this data set would be:

4 Nervous Nursing Students

11 Nervous Psychology Students

16 Excited Nursing Students

9 Excited Psychology Students

By Day 7

To complete this Assignment, submit your answers to the following. Use SPSS to determine if academic program is related to feelings about PSYC 3002 by computing the appropriate chi square test.

1. Recall the four scales of measurement you learned about in Week 1 (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio). Explain what scale of measurement is used to measure academic program in this example. How do you know?
2. Explain what scale of measurement is used to measure feeling about PSYC 3002. Explain how you know.
3. State whether this scenario requires a goodness of fit test or a test of independence. Explain your answer.
4. Before computing the chi square, state the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis in words (not formulas).
5. Identify the obtained χ2 using SPSS and report it in your answer document.
6. State the degrees of freedom and explain how you calculated it by hand.
7. Identify the p value using SPSS and report it in your answer document.
8. Explain whether you should retain or reject the null hypothesis and why.
9. Are the results statistically significant? How do you know?
10. Explain what you can determine about the relationship between academic program and feelings about PSYC 3002.

Answer 1

Our objective, here, is to test the claim whether nursing students and psychology students felt differently about embarking on the Introduction to Basic Statistics journey. If this was not the case, we would expect equal no. of nursing and psychology students to feel nervous / excited.

We would have enough evidence to prove otherwise if the observed counts differ significantly from expected counts.

The test hypotheses are

H0: There is no significant dependence between Major (subject) chosen by students and their response on Basic statistics (Or) H0: Oi = Ei

Vs

Ha: There is a significant dependence between Major (subject) chosen by students and their response on Basic statistics (Or) Ha: Oi ≠ Ei

Using SPSS,

UNTILICUT Dalas at View Data Transform Analyze Direct Marketing Graphs Utilities Add-ons Window HA DE Reports Descriptive Statistics Response Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Tables Compare Means General Linear Model Generalized Linear Models Mixed Models Correlate Regression Loglinear Neural Networks Classify 123 Frequencies... Hd Descriptives... Explore... Crosstabs... 2 Ratio... P-P Plots... 0-0 Plots...

var var v ar var v ar var var var Crosstabs Row(s): Response Exact... Statistics... Cells... Column(s): Subject Format... Bootstrap... Response Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Excited Excited Excited Excited Excited Fxcited Subject Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Layer 1 of 1 Previous Next Display clustered bar charts Suppress tables ( OK Paste Reset Cancel Help Murcing

var var v ar v ar var var var var Crosstabs Crosstabs: Statistics Chi-square Correlations Exact... Statistics... Cells... Format... Nominal Contingency coefficient Phi and Cramer's V Lambda Uncertainty coefficient Ordinal D Gamma Somers' d Kendall's tau-b Kendall's tau- Bootstrap... Response Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Nervous Excited Excited Excited Excited Excited Excited Subject Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Psychology Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nominal by Interval Eta Kappa Risk McNemar Cochran's and Mantel-Haenszel statistics Test common odds ratio equals: 1 Display cl Suppress Continue Cancel Help ON J ASIC SC TancerTICI

We get the Output:

Response Subject Crosstabulation Count Subject Nursing Psychology Total Response Nervous Excited Total Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df (2-sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 5.227a .022 Continuity Correction 3.840 .050 Likelihood Ratio 5.383 020 Fisher's Exact Test .048 .024 Linear-by-Linear 5.096 .024 Association N of Valid Cases a. O cells (0%) have expected countless than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.50. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table 40

Recall the four scales of measurement you learned about in Week 1 (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio). Explain what scale of measurement is used to measure academic program in this example. How do you know?

The data can be entered in the form of 1's and 2's (representing the categories for the two variables) and then coding the values using value labels:

Decimals Label Columns Role Name Response Subject Type Numeric Numeric Width 8 8 Values None None Missing None None Align Right Right Measure Nominal Nominal Input Input 0

REFEE Decimals Label Name Response Subject Type Numeric Numeric Width 8 Values None Missing None None Columns 8 8 Align Right Right Measure Nominal Nominal Role Input Input None Value Labels Value Labels Value: Spelling... Label: 1 = "Nervous" Add 1 2 = "Excited" Change Remove OK Cancel Help

Width Decimals Label Columns Name Response Subject Type Numeric Numeric Values Missing {1, Nervous)... None None None Align Right Right Measure Nominal Nominal Role Input Input 8 Value Labels Spelling... Value Labels Value: 2 Label: Psychology 1 = "Nursing" Add 2 = "Psychology" Change Remove OK Cancel Help

Clicking on the value label A - 1 in the tab, we get the labels in the data view.

View Data Transform Analyze Direct Marketing Graphs Utilities Add-ons Window Help Response Subject var v ar var v ar var v ar var NNNNNNNNNNN - -

var v ar var Response Subject Nervous Nursing Nervous Nursing Nervous Nursing Nervous Nursing Nervous Psychology Nervous Psychology Nervous Psychology Nervous Psychology Nervous Psychology Nervous Psychology Nervous Psychology Nervous Psychology Nervous Psychology Nervous Psychology

Recalling the four scales of measurement (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio), since, both the variables 'Academic Program' and 'Feeling' are both categorical in nature, they are measured in nominal scale with distinct categories.The scale of measurement used to measure academic program in this example is nominal, since the observations are nothing but counts of students who belong to either of its distinct categories- Nursing or Psychology.

Explain what scale of measurement is used to measure feeling about PSYC 3002. Explain how you know.

The scale of measurement used to measure feeling about PSYC 3002 is again nominal since the observations are nothing but counts of students who belong to each of its distinct category- Nervous or Excited.

State whether this scenario requires a goodness of fit test or a test of independence. Explain your answer.

This scenario requires a test of independence because our objective here, is to test if academic program is dependent on affects the measure of feeling about PSYC 3002.

Before computing the chi square, state the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis in words (not formulas).

H0: There is no significant dependence between Academic Program chosen by students and their Feeling on Basic statistics (or)   Academic Program chosen & Feeling on Basic statistics are independent.

Vs

Ha: There is a significant dependence between Academic Program chosen by students and their Feeling on Basic statistics (or) Academic Program chosen & Feeling on Basic statistics are dependent.

Identify the obtained χ2 using SPSS and report it in your answer document.

From the SPSS output obtained, the Pearson's chi square statistic has the value 5.227

State the degrees of freedom and explain how you calculated it by hand.

From the SPSS output obtained, the degrees of freedom, is 1. It can be obtained using the formula: (No. of Rows - 1)(No. of Colmns - 1) = (2-1)(2-1) = (1)(1) = 1 degree of freedom.

Identify the p value using SPSS and report it in your answer document.

The p value obtained is 0.022. It is the probability of obtaining a result as extreme as the one obtained, when the null hypothesis is true.  

Explain whether you should retain or reject the null hypothesis and why.

Based on the p- value obtained above, since the chance of obtaining a result as extreme as the one obtained, when the null hypothesis is true is very low (0.022 < 0.05) at say, 5% level of significance; chance of the null hypothesis being true is low. We may reject H₀ at 5% level.

Are the results statistically significant? How do you know?

We may conclude that the result is statistically significant. Since, the result deviates significantly from the null.

Explain what you can determine about the relationship between academic program and feelings about PSYC 3002.

Regarding the relationship between academic program and feelings about PSYC 3002, we may conclude that the two study variables are dependent. Based on this sample data, we may infer that nursing students and psychology students felt differently about embarking on the Introduction to Basic Statistics journey.

If you have any doubts please let me know in the comment section. Thank you.