Question

2) Economic and business environment analysis: (Turkey) a) Demographics: Population, growth rate, distribution of population (age groups), rural vs. urban, cities vs. villages b) Per capita income levels, wealth distribution c) Major exports and trading partners d) Business environment: Government attitude to foreign investment and trends, ease of doing business, trade regulations

Answer 1

The current population of Turkey according to the March 19, 2020 is84,078,904. Turkey population is 1.08 % of world population.According to 2018, birth rate in Turkey aws 15.3 births /1000 pupulation . Population growth rate in Turkey in 2018 was 1.47 %.

GDP growth rate in Turkey was  on an avearge 1.10 %from 1998 to 2019.It was very high in 2016 and reached 5.80 %.Again it was very low in 2001 reaching -5.20%.

The most densely populated area in Turkey is around the Bosporus where 20%of populatin lives in Istanbul.The urban centers are small and scattered in the interior of Anatolia.However Ankara is an exception is to Anatolia.Development generally takes palce along the Agean sea coast in the west and Tigris and Euphrates in South east.Until 1980 the rural population of Turkey grew but slowly than urban population and this led to decrease in rural population.In the 20th century,Turkey's rural population dropped from three quarters of national total to a quarter.However the population of villages in Turkey grew very much last year and reached 6.3 million..It was 47.0 per thousand in villages as against 12.1 per thousand in cities.This aws due to the growth of rural working class and young people joined the work force.

According to 2017,per capita income in Turkey was 27, 500 PPP dollars.Distribution of wealth is unequal and there is inequality between rich and poor.

In 2017 , Turkey's trading partners for exports were Germany ,United Kingdom , United States , Iraq, United Arab Emirates.For imports Turkey's trading partner were China, United States,Italy, Germany , Russian Federation.  Turkey's main exports are foodstuffs, Textiles, Metal manufactures , Transport equipment.

The Turkish government has played an important role to attract foreign investment and business operations.Turkey's regulatory environment is business friendly.Irrespective of nationality , business can be established in Turkey.In 2016,international companies in Turkey were more than 50 thousand and net investment wsa USD 12 billion.

Ease of doing business was on an average 61.67 from 2008 to 2019.It was very high in 2009 about 73 and vey low in 2019 ie 33.

Turkey followed EU's Common External Tariff(CET) for industrial products and for the industrial components of the products of agriculture.The EU and  Turkey eliminated custom duties,quantitative restrictions as well as charges which have equal effect on bilateral trade.