Question

If you had two ingots of equal size, one Hf and the other Zr, how could you determine which is which? A mystery element is expensive because it is not readily available on the surface of the earth. It has a high density and can be scratched by glass and iron. It can be melted in a chromium or vanadium crucible. It forms the chloride MCl_3. Predict the identity of the mystery element and state your reasons for making this conclusion. Copper is used for electrical wiring. If copper became scarce, what element would make the best substitute? Explain your reasoning. Answer the questions below using a plot of ionization energy versus atomic number. a. Define ionization energy. b. Explain why the ionization energy increases from Al to Ar. c. Explain why there is a decrease in ionization energy from Mg to Al.

Answer 1

the ampunt ot Eneray Reapired te Aer ove the Mos ㅏ held elechon, ghe valante ele chron or an atom. o torm (ahon. Joni 3cho? gnagy increas es prom A、to Ay Because the Reeson AIS P, S, cI, Athe ese are au belongs on mev incy n penicelfrom ut to Right. the n thir Pemcol. from eftitr Right the electrons arre adcted in the Soume ia So elethon densi increoy e there by the atraction from nueteus to the most held cieuhen i high due to thise naud highay toni 3c-ber Enuay t Remove that elecbran enengy ncreases. causing. ionigaior Ersy

C. The Beaton have uo Subshetl 3p hile g have Sohs hau Jn A the eletoo in 3P Shau forther anoy fom the nucleus So Reguir e Loss toni3ASon 「つ 3s shou eare o t nucleus So it Peivesore ons tead of CePP e 2Oe Vs e , Aluminium