Question

13 # A rice puddy produces 64.0kg methane and Goog of Nro. What is the total emission in Or? 14 #which of the following is not a generally agreed as an effect of climate change? A increased precipiration. B-A Cidification of the occans. C-A rise in mean sea level. D-increased global average temperature. 16 #whant 3 measures are used for biomass production? A - Biomass produced, Energy stored, Carbon stored. B - Blomass produced, Energy used, Carbon Stored. c-Biomass created, s e D-Blomass created, Energy used, Carbon used. 15#millennium Development goals (MDGs) are an ambitious agenda embraces by the world community for reducing poverty and improving lives of the global community. The MGDs adopted include 8 key activities.

Answer 1

ANSWER :-

#13:-

Different greenhouse gases last in the atmosphere for different duration, and they also absorb different amounts of heat.
The “global warming potential” of a GHG indicates the amount of warming a gas causes over a given period of time (normally 100 years).
GWP is an index, with CO2 having the index value of 1, and the GWP for all other GHGs is the number of times more warming they cause compared to CO2. Example:- 1kg of methane causes 25 times more warming over a 100 year period compared to 1kg of CO2, and so methane as a GWP of 25.



From the table given above
GWP of methane - 25
GWP of N2O - 298

64 kg of methane = 64 x 25 = 1600 kg of CO2

800g of Nitrous oxide = 0.8 x 298 = 238.4 kg of CO2

So, total CO2 emission = 1600 + 238.4 = 1838.4 kg


#14:-

It is not scientifically possible to assign individual weather events to the current climate change, however, it can be statistically proven that global warming will increase the probability of extreme weather events.

The direct consequences of man-​made climate change include:

Global Warming Potential (GWP) Greenhouse Gas Carbon dioxide (CO,) Methane (CHa) Nitrous oxide(N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS) Perfluorocarbons (PFCS) Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) 1. 25 2. 3. 298 124 14,800 7,390-12,200 22,800 17,200 4. 5. 6. 7

• rising maximum temperatures
• rising minimum temperatures
• rising sea levels
• higher ocean temperatures
• an increase in heavy precipitation (heavy rain and hail)
• shrinking glaciers
• thawing permafrost

The in­dir­ect con­sequences of cli­mate change, which dir­ectly af­fect us hu­mans and our en­vir­on­ment, in­clude:

• an increase in hunger and water crises, especially in developing countries
• health risks through rising air temperatures and heatwaves
• economic implications of dealing with secondary damage related to climate change
• increasing spread of pests and pathogens
• loss of biodiversity due to limited adaptability and adaptability speed of flora and fauna
• ocean acidification due to increased HCO3 concentrations in the water as a consequence of increased CO₂ concentrations

the need for adaptation in all areas (e.g. agriculture, forestry, energy, infrastructure, tourism, etc.)

As the global climate is a highly interconnected system that is influenced by many different factors, the consequences usually result in positive or negative feedback effects. This refers to developments that are self-​enhancing due to the occurrence of certain conditions.
A common example is the ice-​albedo feedback, which refers to the melting of the polar caps. According to this, extensive ice surfaces have a cooling effect on the global climate, as a high proportion of radiation is reflected. As a result of the global rise in the average temperature, however, these ice surfaces begin to melt, the ice surfaces shrink and the amount of reflected radiation is reduced. At the same time, the area of land or ocean that has a significantly lower albedo will increase, reflecting less radiation and thus intensifying the actual cause of glacier melt.
Furthermore, scientists can calculate the so-​called tipping points of individual subsystems of the global climate. The higher the global rise in temperature, the more the climate system is affected, so that at a certain point, despite significant efforts, a reversal in the process is no longer possible. Where exactly these tipping points can be found, however, is currently still unclear and can only be calculated with a great degree of uncertainty. Such tipping points are expected for the melting of the polar caps and for the stability of important ocean currents
Global warming is an aspect of climate change, referring to the long-term rise of the planet's temperatures. It is caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly from human activities such as burning fossil fuels, and farming.

So all of the above can be reasons of climate change in the long term.


#15 :-

The Eight Millennium Development Goals are:

• eradication of extreme poverty and hunger.
• achieving universal primary education.
• promoting gender equality and empower women.
• reducing child mortality.
• improving maternal health.
• to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
• ensuring environmental sustainability.
• ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ developing a global partnership for development.
  
  #16:-
  
  3 measures used for biomass production are :-
  
  biomass produced, energy stored and carbon stored.
  
  Biomass is the plant material derived from the reaction between CO2 in the air, water and sunlight, via photosynthesis, to produce carbohydrates that form the building blocks of biomass. Typically photosynthesis converts less than 1% of the available sunlight to stored, chemical energy. The solar energy driving photosynthesis is stored in the chemical bonds of the structural components of biomass. If biomass is processed efficiently, either chemically or biologically, by extracting the energy stored in the chemical bonds and the subsequent ‘energy’ product combined with oxygen, the carbon is oxidised to produce CO2 and water. The process is cyclical, as the CO2 is then available to produce new biomass.