Question

Question 2 (20 Marks) - Case Study: Nameless Paint Nameless Paint is a cool teaching and learning Japanese method in schools for developing creativity in kids. This method is made up of ten or more tubes with different colours in them, however the names of the colours in the tubes are not written on the tubes, but instead there are only spots of a particular colour or colours on each tube. The spots are also of different sizes. The designers aim is to change the way children think, he wants them to understand and learn how different shades of colours are created. For instance, a child picks a tube with a blue and pink spot of the same size on the tube but canno tell which colour hides in the tube. She squeezes it and gets purple colour, then she learns that equa amount of Blue and Pink produces Purple Colour. Likewise, he picks a tube with large spot of blue and small spot of pink, he squeezes to get dark blue colour. He understands that if you mix a small amoun 7 of the pick colour and a large amount of the blue colour you well get Dark Blue Colour. There are different colours hidden in each tube and the child must learn and understand how each of these colours are created, by mixing in different proportions. It's an easy and fun way to understand the colour theory. However, the concept must be learned by the child in order to understand how to apply the theory on the real tubes of colour. Assuming you are to develop an interface to teach the concepts to those who buy the nameless paints outside Japan. Following the design processes perform: i. Perform a PACT (People, Activities, Contexts, and Technologies) analysis, focusing only or people, in order to identify all the class of people who will use this system and make sure you design to meet the needs of all these people. Propose a prototype of the interface which would satisfy the learnability and simplicity principles of usability, Evaluate the Usability of your system, bearing in mind your users' needs and how the usability principles are implemented. ii.

Answer 1

What Is A PACT Analysis?

• People: relevant user characteristics and skills
• Activities: how is the activity currently carried out? Why? What can be improved?
• Context: the environment of the activity
• Technologies: what tools are used now, and how might new developments be used?

PACT Analysis For interface of Nameless Paint---:

People

There are many ways in which people differ from one another, from physical appearance to the attributes they have. People have different personalities and react to things in different ways. This depends largely on the five senses i.e. hear, sight, smell, taste, and touch, so it is important for my interface to be friendly, usable, pleasurable for all kinds of people. An example of how this can be done, is by making sure that my interface caters for people with disabilities such as visibility impairment (such as long/short sight, colour-blinded etc.).

The website should cater for this too. People also differ in psychological terms and so it is necessary for my interface to be accessible to those people who are not so able. People differ in their desires and capabilities, so it is important that the interface caters for all levels of cognitive ability. The users will be based all around the world. The users will most probably have different levels of computer literacy/knowledge, different language skills and different cognitive and physical abilities.

Computer Literacy/Knowledge

Users accessing our interface may be beginners, intermediate or experts, it is therefore, essential for the website to cater for all its users. So, it is most probable that even those users that are very computer/internet literate may still be beginners when they visit our interface.

Cognitive Abilities

Because people are better at recognising things than remembering them, our interface will be primarily 'see and click'. This is so that users will be able to easily interact with the interface.

Physical Abilities

It is essential for our interface to be accessible for those users that are physically challenged. There are different types of visual impairment. The first is the difficulty of seeing small things. We will need to make sure that the contents in our site can be magnified for such users. We will need to ensure that the quality of the interface is undisturbed when the information is magnified as this may cause confusion for many users. The second difficulty is colour blindness. Colour blind people have great difficulty distinguishing between certain colours, such as, yellow and blue and red and green. We will need to make sure that colours that can affect colour-blindness are not mixed. The third difficulty is moderate to fully blind users. We will need to ask ourselves how to cater for blind users. We need to consider whether users can access the information in audio form. This is particularly important where images are used. We need to consider, describing the images in text form, in such a way that blind users can effectively understand the information about the images in the same way all other users can. Images include tables, pictures charts, etc.

Activities

There are many characteristics of activities that designers need to consider. These can be both simple and complex. Before considering the characteristics need to be looked at it is essential that throughout the project, the overall objectives are kept in mind and not forgotten about. Below are the main characteristics of activities that need to be considered:

• The regularity of activities- is the activity done everyday, monthly, or annually?
• The response time from the system- how long does the website take to download?
• The colours used in the interface - they have to be deigned so that they are not an eye-sore
• The textual information- what font, size is going to be used?

One of the main activities that users will have available to them is a navigation map of the royal mile. It will have hotspots which people can click on; this will lead to a page with information on that page. There will also be forums and blogs so that people can give their opinions etc. There will also be a search facility for users to use if the need to. The search facility will allow easy access of information.

Context

Activities constantly occur in a context, this section looks at how to examine the two collectively. The context type that affects my interface is the physical environment. Physical environment- this is important for me so because I can understand what the physical environment of the interface will be. For example the interface should cater for people who may be logging on to my web site in an area that has slow internet access; this will be a problem if they decide that the website is taking its time to upload. Users will access the interface in different places such as the home, workplace, educational institutions or internet cafes; therefore it is vital that the interface is accessible for those visitors that use different resolutions, operating systems, colour depths platforms and browsers.

Technologies

Technologies can carry out a variety of operations and usually consist of a lot of data, or information. Interaction is required and so there is a need for a range of styles. There are many different technologies that users can use to access our interface. they tend to use different operating systems (such as Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, XP, Mac X etc), browsers (e.g., Internet Explorer 5 or 6, Netscape 7, Mozilla, Opera, JAWS (screen reader for blind user)) and platforms (Windows, Macintosh etc).

Prototye of my interface is attached in the image below.. it represents the basic implementation of my idea---

usability evaluation of my system is as given below-

Searches Nameless Paint Timeline Media What are e they fundrasing polling Social Twitter Feedbacks contant by Alphabet < Today 2 weeks B Event timeline Articles Z

Usability is a measure of the ease with which a system can be learned and used, its safety, effectiveness and efficiency and the attitude of its users towards it . Because users principally know a system by its interface, designers' efforts at improving usability are chiefly directed at improving interfaces.

Confusion and frustration may be avoided by making sure that system reactions to user actions are logical responses, and that the system reacts appropriately when a user's command is not exactly the same as that specified by the designer. Also, system reactions as well as terminology used should be consistent and uniform across situations. For example: 'quit' should always close a program and should not be used interchangeably with 'stop'. To avoid impatience, the time that elapses between a user's command and the system's response to that command should be as short as possible. If the system cannot respond within a few seconds, it has to make clear, for example by displaying a small hourglass, that it is indeed processing the command. Also, a page that is too difficult to survey may cause discomfort and thereby loss of concentration to the user e. First, the user should always be able to see where she or he is on the Internet. Designers are advised to organize the buttons that are important for moving through the pages of a site in a navigation panel, which should be clear and consistent throughout the site.

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