Question

• Explain Shannon’s Fundamental Theory of Information Technology.
• What are some benefits of computer networks?
• How does a modem work?
• Explain the difference between Centralized Processing, De-centralized processing, and Distributed processing?
• In networking, what is a protocol?

• What are some examples of network threats?

Answer 1

Ans.1. Shannon's Fundamental Theory of Information Technology:

Shannon included the idea of entropy in his theory of information technology. This entropy was based on Boltzmann idea which states the entropy is more or less the logarithm of the number of microstates which correspond to a macrostate.

Ans.2

Advantages of computer networks:

1. Makes the sharing of information easier across many users.
2. It is not so expensive. May users can be added without any further cost.
3. File sharing can be done remotely.
4. It is easier to scale.
5. It enhances communication.

Ans.3. Working of modem:

It works on the principle of frequency shift keying. It modulates the digital data into a signal that can be deciphered by the phone line, while the receiving modem demodulates the signal and turns it into digital data.

Ans.4.

a. Centralized is easy to maintain because if one fails, then we just have to remove one system. Distributed is the most difficult to maintain.

b. Centrailzed is very unstable and distributed is the most stable. Decentralized is moderately stable.

c. Low scalabilty in centralized. Distributed is highly scalable.