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Question 5 0/0.4 pts Phosphate is a urinary buffer. Where does it come from It is released by macula densa cells into filtrate when Na+ levels are high. Most of it is filtered into the nephron at the renal corpuscle It is produced by the reaction of water and CO2 with carbonic anhydrase. The adrenal cortex produces this from the hydrolysis of ATP

Question 10 0/0.4 pts Which of the following is unlikely to pass through the blood-brain barrier, and why? Water because it will still be able to fit through the paracellular spaces. Large polar xenobiotics because there is unlikely to be a receptor to stimulate transcytosis of these. Red blood cells because the barrier prevents blood from entering the brain Glucose because it is a large molecule and there are no transporter proteins for any molecules along the blood-brain barrier.

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5) Phosphate is an urinary buffer which released via macula densa cells of juxtaglomerulus apparatus into urinary filtrate to maintain osmosis when Na+ levels would high.

10) The red blood cells (RBCs) can not pass through blood brain barrier because barrier prevents blood from passing to the brain.

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