Question

Show all work. Define the following:

1. Bit

2. Byte

3. ASCII

4. Binary

5. Octal

Convert the following binary numbers to decimal numbers:

1011

0111

0000

0001

1100

1000

0101

Convert the following numbers from decimal to binary:

0

4

9

3

17

8

7

Decode the following Binary ASCII text. Show your work.

01001001

00100000

01101100

01101111

01110110

01100101

00100000

01111001

01101111

01110101

Answer 1

Answer:

1)bit:

A binary digit, or bit, is the smallest unit of information in a computer. It is used for storing information and has a value of true/false, or on/off. An individual bit has a value of either 0 or 1, which is generally used to store data and implement instructions in groups of bytes. A computer is often classified by the number of bits it can process at one time or by the number of bits in a memory address. Many systems use four eight-bit bytes to form a 32-bit word.

The value of a bit is typically stored above or below an allocated level of an electrical charge within a capacitor inside a memory module. For devices that use positive logic, value 1 (true value or high) is positive voltage relative to the electrical ground and value 0 (false value or low) is 0 voltage.

2)Byte:

A byte is a storage unit capable of representing a single character, such as a letter, number or symbol. Technically speaking, a byte is a sequence of binary bits in a serialized data stream in data transmission systems. In most computers, one byte is equated to eight smaller units called bits, although the size of a byte has always been dependent on hardware.

As specified in IEC80000-13 and IEEE 1541, the symbol for byte is an upper-case "B".

3)ASCII:

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most common format for text files in computers and on the Internet. In an ASCII file, each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with a 7-bit binary number (a string of seven 0s or 1s). 128 possible characters are defined.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Pronounced ask-ee, ASCII is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127. For example, the ASCII code for uppercaseM is 77. Most computers use ASCII codes to represent text, which makes it possible to transfer datafrom one computer to another.

For a list of commonly used characters and their ASCII equivalents, refer to the ASCII page in the Quick Reference section.

Text files stored in ASCII format are sometimes called ASCII files. Text editors and word processors are usually capable of storing data in ASCII format, although ASCII format is not always the default storage format. Most data files, particularly if they contain numeric data, are not stored in ASCII format. Executable programsare never stored in ASCII format.

4)Binary:

Binary (or "base-2") a numeric system that only uses two digits — 0 and 1. Computers operate in binary, meaning they store dataand perform calculations using only zeros and ones.

While a single binary digit can be used to represent True (1) or False (0) in boolean logic, multiple binary digits can be used to store large numbers and perform complex functions. In fact, any number can be represented in binary.

5)Octal:

The number system whose base is 8 is known as the octal number system. The base 8 means the system uses eight digits from 0 to 7. All the eight digits from 0 to 8 have same physical meaning as that of decimal numbers. The next digit in octal number is represented by 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 which represents the decimal digits 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. In this manner the octal number 20 represents the decimal number 16 and subsequently 21, 22, 23….octal numbers will show the decimal digits 17, 18, 19…etc and so on base-8 number system, which uses just eight unique symbols (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). Programs often display data in octal format because it is relatively easy for humans to read and can easily be translated into binary format, which is the most important format for computers. By contrast, decimal format is the easiest format for humans to read because it is the one we use in everyday life, but translating between decimal and binary formatsis relatively difficult.

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