Question

4. (20 points) The reaction of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2 is the bridge reaction between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. The carbon atoms in pyruvate are numbered and where they end up in the products are indicated CO0Θ 2 C=O + HS-CoA 3 CH3 Pyruvate S-COA 2C=O 3 CH3 Acetyl CoA Pyruvate dehydrogenase +1 CO2 a) Is C atom 1 in CO2 in a more reduced state or more oxidized state compared to its state in pyruvate? Why? b) Do atoms of pyruvate undergo a reduction or an oxidation during this reaction? c) The molecule NAD is needed for this reaction as a co-substrate. Will NAD be in the oxidized or reduced state in the beginning of the reaction? Why? d) Draw the structure of NAD (NAD+ or NADH) that is needed in the beginning of the reaction as a co-substrate.

Answer 1

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A it is in oxidized state because respiration is a catabolic process. In which complex molecules are oxidized to release energy B because during respiration pyruvate is partially oxidized to release energy C in the beginning it is in oxidize condition and later it is reduced to form NADPH 4