Question

1. Typically, arrays are passed by reference in programming languages since they can be arbitrarily long and copying each element may take time and space. How are arrays passed to functions in C++? If by reference, is there a way to pass them by value? If so, how? Show coded examples and output.

2. Can separate blocks be specified in C++, and if so, how is variable scoping handled? Show coded examples and output. For example:

int main() // declare variables { // declare variables (maybe also with same name as above) // and so on... for (...) // make sure to try loops

3. Can the goto statement be utilized in C++? If so, what do you go to? Show coded examples and output.

Answer 1

Answer 1:
Yes when we wrap the array inside the structure than we can pass array as call by value

struct ArrayStruct
{
int arr[10];
};
  
void change(struct ArrayStruct temp)
{
int *ptr = temp.arr;
int i;
  
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
ptr[i] = 100; // OR *(ptr + i)
  
}
  
int main()
{
int i;
struct ArrayStruct obj;
for (i=0; i<10; i++)
obj.arr[i] = 10;
  
for (i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i)
cout<<obj.arr[i]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
  
change(obj);
  
  
  
for (i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i)
cout<<obj.arr[i]<<" ";
  
return 0;
}

Answer 2:
Yah we can have different blocks in cpp
So the variables created inside the block will accessable inside the block and to its child blocks
int main(){
   int x=1;
   {
       int x=2;
       cout<<<x<<endl; // 2 will print
       {
           cout<<x<<endl; // 2 will print
       }
   }
   cout<<x<<endl; // 1 will print
}

Answer 3:
we can use goto in cpp to jump the control from one location to another location
int main(){
   int x=10;
   PRINT:
   cout<<x<<endl;
   x--;
   if x>10:
       goto PRINT;
      
}