Question

Q1 a: figure 1 shows a BMW S 1000RR motorbike(((material engineering)))

Ql(a) Figure 1 shows a BMW S 1000RR motorbike designed for very high speeds, mind- blowing acceleration and braking, road holding and comfort. Based on this figure, identify three (3) different categories of materials used in the manufacture of high performance motorbike. You may choose any parts from these motorbike and identify their categories of material and list their properties. (6 marks) Figure 1 BMW S 1000RR motorbike (b) As an engineer, you are required to design a mixer for industrial usage. Outline four (4) factors to consider when designing the mixer. (4 marks) Outline the major changes in Industrial revolution 4.0 compare to first second and third industrial revolution (5 marks) Give two (2) example of smart material (2 marks) (d)

Answer 1

(a)

1,LeoVince Factory S Exhaust System - carbon fiber.

Carbon fibers or carbon fibres are fibers about 5–10 micrometres in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms.

Properties.

Carbon Fiber has High Strength to Weight Ratio.

Carbon Fiber is very Rigid.

Carbon fiber is Corrosion Resistant and Chemically Stable.

Carbon fiber is Electrically Conductive.

Carbon Fiber has good Tensile Strength.

2,Zero Gravity Double Bubble Windscreen-acrylic.

Properties.

Excellent optical clarity.

Excellent weatherability and resistance to sunlight.

Rigid, with good impact strength.

Excellent dimensional stability and low mould shrinkage.

Stretch forming increases bi-axial toughness.

3,Rizoma RRC brake and clutch levers- Aluminum alloy.

An aluminum alloy is a chemical composition where other elements are added to pure aluminum in order to enhance its properties, primarily to increase its strength. These other elements include iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, manganese and zinc at levels that combined may make up as much as 15 percent of the alloy by weight.

Properties.

Corrosion Resistance.

Aluminium is an excellent conductor of both heat and electricity.

Aluminium is a good reflector of both visible light and heat.

Aluminium is not only non-toxic but also does not release any odours or taint products with which it is in contact.

Aluminium has a density around one third that of steel and is used advantageously in applications where high strength and low weight are required.

(b)Factors to consider when designing an indstrial mixer.

1,mixer power

The power required to run the mixer is calculated using the power number for the selected impeller.

2,impeller size

The most important factors 2 governing the selection of impellers are power number and flow number.Different types of impellers are used for different mixing processes such as hydrofoil, Rushton turbine, pitched blade Stresses in the blade are given by the equation[11] turbine, flat blade turbine, etc.

3,rotational speed

Speed at which shaft vibrates violently is known as critical speed.It is recommended that the range of speed between 70% and 130% of the critical speed should be avoided.

4,shaft length

Material selection for shaft is done by taking into consideration the following factors: resistance against corrosion as liquid to liquid interface enhances pitting and crevice, adequate durability, toughness .

(c)Changes in industrial revolution 4 compared to 1,2&3.

The First Industrial Revolution was about coal, water and steam, bringing with it the steam engine and innovations that enabled the large scale manufacturing of goods and products, such as textiles.

The Second Industrial Revolution came about with the invention of electricity and enabled mass production.

The Third Industrial Revolution was all about computers.

Industry 4.0 started in the dawn of the third millennium .The Internet. We can see the transition from the first industrial revolution that rooted for technological phenomenon all the way to Industry 4.0 that develops virtual reality worlds, allowing us to bend the laws of physics.

the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s technologies, such as artificial intelligence,Blockchain, genome editing, augmented reality, robotics, and 3-D printing, are rapidly changing the way humans create, exchange, and distribute value.

Blockchain is a secure, decentralised, and transparent way of recording and sharing data, with no need to rely on third-party intermediaries.Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive digital experiences (using a VR headset) that simulate the real world, while augmented reality merges the digital and physical worlds.Biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop new technologies and products for a range of uses, including developing new pharmaceuticals and materials, more efficient industrial manufacturing processes, and cleaner, more efficient energy sources.3D printing allows manufacturing businesses to print their own parts, with less tooling, at a lower cost, and faster than via traditional processes.

(d)Smart materials.

Piezoelectrics:

Piezoelectric materials convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, and vice versa. They offer wide range of use and can be used as actuators , sensors, such as many accelerometers, and energy harvesters since the charge generated from motion can be harvested and stored.ommon applications for piezo materials are BBQ igniters and actuators for inkjet printer heads.

Hydrogels:

Hydrogels can be tailored to absorb and hold water, or other liquids, under certain environmental conditions.A hydrogel is a three-dimensional (3D) network of hydrophilic polymers that can swell in water and hold a large amount of water while maintaining the structure due to chemical or physical cross-linking of individual polymer chains.Hydrogels can be physical, chemical, or biochemical. Physical gels can undergo a transition from liquid to a gel in response to a change in environmental conditions such as temperature, ionic concentration, pH, or other conditions such as mixing of two components. Chemical gels use covalent bonding that introduces mechanical integrity and degradation resistance compared to other weak materials. In biochemical hydrogels, biological agents like enzymes or amino acids participate in the gelation process.