Question

2. Use your periodic table to write the shorthand (noble gas) electron configurations: 8 pts a) Cu b) 52 b) Sn c) Sn2+ 3. Draw a picture of the orbital containing the highest energy electrons in aluminum. Label the picture with the name of the orbital and show the location of the nucleus of the atom. 4 pts

Answer 1

Electronic configuration is written using 3 principles :-

Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle & Hund's rule.

Then sub shells are rearranged according to main shell no.

2)

a)Some elements have exceptional electronic configuration like Cu in above case. An electron from 4s get excited to 3d to acquire extra stability of fully filled 3d sub-shell.

b) 2 extra electrons added due to 2 negative charge on sulphur & total electrons becomes 18.

c) Sn is written normally.

d) In Sn2+ two electrons are removed fro 5s due to two positive charge on Sn. So total electrons becomes 48.

3) Energy of orbitals increases from inside to outside . So highest energy electron in Al is in 3px having nucleus at center & dumb-bell shape. This orbital possesses one planar node and one spherical node.

As given below:-

3.)@Cu 2 182 as? 26 352 35' 3d?0 us! @,62 -> 158 252 $$ 352 356 Ca extra es due to change) 1 (C) son 152 252 2p6 352 366 3d lo usa upo ullo 550.518 (d' so S2+) 152 252 266 352 3p6 3110 452 upoudlo 552 Callss electrons due to tre charge)

3z Al -> 182 952% 352 357 3 px 3py 363 The Osbitel having highest energy elechom is 3px - z-axis - Planer node - Spherical node fo-axis Nucleus The Shape of esbited is called Dumb-bell - shape