Question

Quality management evolved through four stages- what are the stages? Detail elements contributing to the cost of control and the cost of failure of control for a Quality Management System with a graphical explanation

Answer 1

Four Stages of Quality Management is as follows:

1. Quality planning

2. Quality Assurance

3. Quality control and

4. Total Quality Management or Continuous Improvement.

The elements contributing to the cost of control and cost of failure of control for a Quality Management System can be depicted by the following graph:

Supplier Manufacturing Purchasing Scrap Defective Rework (Daontime) Material Purchased Toouble shooting Cost Control errors Engineering Scrap Rework warranty Engineering Marketing warranty Quality Assurance errors (Test Re-test & (Calibration (Prevention Inspection Re-inspect

1. Appraisal Costs: The cost associated with the inspection of the material from verifying at the suppliers end to each stage acceptance of production end is Appraisal cost. This is the cost involved inspection and testing of the whole process of meeting specifications.

2. Prevention Costs: To safe guard, the work areas with the efficiency certain cost needs to be kept is the prevention cost. This includes training, safety of the product or service, planning, reviews conduction, and so on related to the prevention activities.

3. External Failure Costs: This cost is associated with the external condition of the process. For example, when the product is released in the market then there may be warranty issue, recall of product from the market, returns, and repair of the product.

4. Internal Failure Costs: The cost associated with the product quality before reaching the customer. For example, machines not working or broken, delay and downtime, cheap quality material, or design which needs rework.