Question

Questions 1. Charlie created a chart in order to keep track of the arms of the immune system so that he could figure out how his body would keep him healthy. Complete the chart with respect to the key hallmarks of the innate and adaptive responses. It is okay to look this information up in a text or on the internet. Hallmark Innate Adaptive Level of specificity Involvement of memory Time for first response to an antigen Time for secondary/repeated response to an antigen Level of self discrimination Duration of the response Key cells involved 2. Anatomical barriers play a large role in preventing the entrance of a pathogen into the body. They provide a critical first line of defense. Think about what a potential pathogen like a bacteria or a virus would have to overcome in order to get into your body, or Charlie's body, and then into the target tissue to untimely make you sick. List several (at least three) of these critical barriers and how they help to eliminate pathogens. Describe how these mechanisms are or could be related to the symptoms you often get when someone falls ill (for example with the cold or a stomach flu).

Answer 1

HALLMARK	INNATE	ADAPTIVE
Level of specificity	Specific for molecules and molecular patterns associated with pathogens and molecules produced by dead/ damaged cells.	Highly specific. Discriminates between even minor differences in molecular structures of microbial or non-microbial molecules
Involvement of memory	Retains no memory of previous infections	Produces antibodies and cells that recognize highly specific parts of pathogens.
Time for first response to an antigen	Immediate activation of effectors; minutes to hours	Long response times- days to weeks
Time for secondary/repeated response to an antigen	Quick but identical to primary response	Much more rapid than primary responses
Level of self discrimination	Poor	Good
Duration of the response	Short (days)	Long(months/years)
Key cells involved	Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, eosinophils	B and T lymphocytes