Question

Try to make it as simple as you can and explain as much as it needed.

1. What are the differences between symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption? (1 point)

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2. What is pseudo random numbers? (1 point)

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3. What is Moore’s Law? (1 point)

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4. What are four different block cipher modes? (1 point)

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5. What is one-time pad? (1 point)

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Answer 1

Solution:

ans.1:

• Symmetric encryption uses a single key and the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the message that needs to be shared among the people who need to receive the message while asymmetric encryption uses a pair of public key and a private key to encryption and decryption messages when communicating.
• Symmetric encryption a simple technique, and because of this, the encryption process can be carried out quickly while asymmetric encryption  a much more complicated process than symmetric key encryption, and the process is slower.

ans.2:

Pseudorandom numbers are generated by computers. They are not truly random, because when a computer is functioning correctly, nothing it does is random. Computers are deterministic devices — a computer's behavior is entirely predictable, by design. So to create something unpredictable, computers use mathematical algorithms to produce numbers that are "random enough."

Pseudorandom numbers are essential to many computer applications, such as games and security. In games, random numbers provide unpredictable elements the player can respond to, such as dodging a random bullet or drawing a card from the top of a deck. In computer security, pseudorandomness is important in encryption algorithms, which create codes that must not be predicted or guessed.

ans.3:

Moore's Law is the observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. Moore predicted that this trend would continue for the foreseeable future. In subsequent years, the pace slowed down a bit, but data density has doubled approximately every 18 months, and this is the current definition of Moore's Law, which Moore himself has blessed.

ans.4: Four different block cipher modes are below---   i)Electronic Code Book (ECB) Mode:This mode is a most straightforward way of processing a series of sequentially listed message blocks. ii)Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Mode:In the cipher block chaining (CBC) mode of operation, an initialization vector (IV) is exclusive-ored with the plaintext prior to encryption. iii)Cipher Feedback (CFB) Mode:The cipher feedback (CFB) mode differs from the previous two in that the plaintext never passes through the encryption algorithm at all. iv)Output Feedback (OFB) Mode:The output feedback (OFB) mode of operation is almost identical to cipher feedback mode.

ans.5:One-time pad (OTP), also called Vernam-cipher or the perfect cipher, is a crypto algorithm where plaintext is combined with a random key. It is the only existing mathematically unbreakable encryption.The one-time pad is famous as being the only completely unbreakable cipher. Assuming that the secret pad is randomly generated, not-reused (hence "one-time pad"), and not leaked, it is impossible to learn a single bit of the plaintext of a message from a ciphertext.