Question

What was the differences between earth bound and sea bound societies.

Answer 1

adjective: earth-bound
1. attached or restricted to the earth.” ~a flightless earthbound bird.”
2. attached or limited to material existence as distinct from a spiritual or heavenly one. ~”her earthbound view of the sacrament.”

As unprecedented ecological catastrophe unfolds across our planet, new systems of knowledge and new ways of imagining the human condition emerge in response, sometimes reconnecting with old ideational systems in novel hybrid formations to make sense of the dynamics shaping our world. Scientists now debate whether we have left the sanguine evolutionary conditions of the Holocene, during which mammalian, including human, life found niches in which to develop. A new term describing our current geological era, “the Anthropocene,” is now being mobilized to describe the unprecedented causal force of human agency in shaping the material conditions of the planet on a geological time-scale.[1]

Scientists and philosophers across the globe are currently debating how to pinpoint the starting line of the Anthropocene in order to understand its inner workings, and identify a “golden spike” of relevant activity marking the advent of the new era. Some have argued for the Neolithic and the advent of Agriculture,[2] others the Industrial Revolution,[3] with its harnessing of fossil fuels as the beginning. Most recently, the international, interdisciplinary Anthropocene Working Group has declared July 16th 1945, the date of “the world’s first nuclear bomb explosion,” in New Mexico, as the critical juncture initiating the Anthropocene.[4] They argue that a “Great Acceleration” since the 1950s of “holistic, comprehensive and interlinked processes” has disrupted the crucial balance of the Earth System, “simultaneously sweeping across the socio-economic and biophysical spheres of the Earth System, encompassing far more than climate change.”[5] The resultant ecological crisis is inextricably bound up in asymmetrical systems of global power, supported by certain beliefs and values that have produced a world characterized by profound inequality and obsessed with limitless growth.

Sea bound....Historically, societies have always located near water, due partly to the fact that water enables more efficient travel compared to going over land. Waterways are critically important to the transportation of people and goods throughout the world. The complex network of connections between coastal ports, inland ports, rail, air, and truck routes forms a foundation of material economic wealth worldwide.

Within the United States, waterways have been developed and integrated into a world-class transportation system that has been instrumental in the country's economic development. Today, there are more than 17,700 kilometers of commercially important navigation channels in the lower 48 states.

The westward expansion of the United States exposed a wealth of natural resources and an increased production in agricultural goods. The inland transportation infrastructure of roads, railroads, canals, and rivers connected the early western settlers with the rest of the nation, and enabled goods to move from the west back to more populated areas in the east and onto other parts of the world. The River and Harbor (Appropriations) Act of 1876 established federal funding of waterways to promote national commerce but not to benefit any particular state nor to allow waterway tolls.