Question

Identify below Lathe operations Workpiece Depth feed. Briefly explain how below factors affecting on tool life Cutting speed:
✓ Tool geometry ✓ Tool materials Work materials Nature of cutting Rigidity of machine tool and work Use of cutting fluids
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Solution:

1) Boring and Internal grooving      2) Drilling                3) Cutting with a form tool

4) Face grooving                          5) Facing               6) Turning and external grooving

7) Knurling                                  8) Straight turning 9) Taper turning

10) Threading                            11) Cutting off   12) Profiling

Factors affecting on tool life:

  • Cutting speed: It has the greatest influence on tool life. As the cutting speed increases the temperature also rises then the heat is more concentrated on the tool than on the work and the hardness of the tool matrix changes so the relative increase in the hardness of the work accelerates the abrasive action
  • Feed and depth of cut: The tool life is influenced by the feed rate also. With a fine feed the area of chip passing over the tool face is greater than that of coarse feed for a given volume of swarf removal, but to offset this chip will be greater hence the resultant pressure will nullify the advantage.
  • Tool geometry: The tool life is also affected by tool geometry. A tool with large rake angle becomes weak as a large rake reduces the tool cross-section and the amount of metal to absorb the heat.
  • Tool materials: Physical and chemical properties of work material influence tool life by affecting form stability and rate of wear of tool.
  • Work materials: With the increase in hardness of work piece, forces and power consumption increases and tool wear increases. So tool life decreases.When ductility of work piece increases, forces and power consumption decreases, tool wear decreases. So tool life increases
  • Nature of cutting: It has greater influence on tool life. It gives regular impacts on tool leading to its failure much earlier.
  • Rigidity of machine tool and work: When the tool have supported in strongly, which is rigid the machine will have more life than tool under vibration of machine. Loose work piece will have decrease the life of tool.
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