Question

Replace the source information in the paragraph with the correct APA formatted in-text citation based on the corresponding source listed on reference list. Hint- Remember APA formatting rules in regards to in-text citations (page 177 in the APA manual will be really helpful along with the manual in general).

ELEPHANTS AND CHEESE: AN EXPLORATORY PAPER It is widely known that elephants fear cheese, and will flee at the first whiff of it (Source F). What is not yet well understood is why this phenomenon occurs. For more than a decade academics have been researching this perplexing topic. Their work constitutes part of the booming new discipline known as pachydermo-fromagology, which is defined as “the study of elephant-cheese interactions” (Source D). This paper will evaluate existing research and theories, and argue that none of them satisfactorily explain the data which has been gathered so far. That elephants fear cheese was an accidental discovery made by the noted elephantologist G. Coleman (Source B). The story of the discovery is now famous, but worth repeating: After a hard morning following the herd, I had just sat down under a tree for lunch and unwrapped a particularly delectable chunk of cheddar sent up from the base camp. Suddenly I heard an enormous trampling sound, and when I looked up, the entire herd was gone (Source C, p.160). His discovery, while dismissed at the time, was subsequently corroborated by other researchers. Several studies (Sources G &H) have confirmed the phenomenon, and that it occurs among both African and Asian elephants. A recent report by the Elephant Research Institute (Source E) established that smell is the primary means elephants detect cheese, and that they will ignore large pieces of cheese if tightly wrapped. Meanwhile a French cheese expert asserts on his website that elephants do not flee from French cheese, only the lesser cheeses of other nations. “Zee creatures, zey have good taste, non?” he writes (Source I, para. 2). According to (Source J., page 468) a new theory has “exploded on the scene and caused quite a stink” (Source J., page 468). Based on several clever experiments, K. Maas (Source J., page 468) has claimed that in fact elephants do not fear cheese at all, but instead fear the mice which are attracted to cheese. The debate over MMH has even spilled over into the popular press (Source A). Even with the constant debate the consensus still remains there is no agreed upon answer (Source A).

References

Source A - Achison, C.L., Miller, A., Grouper, S. & Johnson, E. (2004, April). A ripe and weighty issue: an interview with Monica Sturgess. Cheese Lovers World, 6 (4), 12-13.

Source B - Coleman, G., Spears, E., Fearman, J., Keeler, B., Grace, E., Teller, F. & Locke, R. (1984). An odd behaviour observed among the species Elephas maximus. Journal of Trunked Mammal Studies, 23, 421-429.

Source C - Coleman, G.J. (1988). Underfoot: ten years among the elephants. New York: Oxford University Press.

Source D - Concise Oxford dictionary, 11th ed. (2004). Oxford University Press. Retrieved October 20, 2004, from Oxford Reference Online database.

Source E - Elephant Research Institute, Simon Fraser University. (2001) Smell versus sight: detection of cheese by elephants. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from http://www.sfu.ca/eri/reports/00107elephants.pdf

Source F - Elephants stampede, 7 cheese-lovers trampled. (2003, November 22). Vancouver Sun, p. A1, A8. Source G - Gibson, C.N. & Sturgess, M.N. (1987). Elephant fleeing behaviour confirmed. Journal of Elephantology, 16, 239-245. Retrieved October 27, 2004, from Academic Search Elite database.

Source H - Gibson, C.N. Sturgess, M.N., & Bates, A.T. (1989). Experiments with cheese effects on Elephas maximus and Elephas africanus. Journal of Elephantology, 18, 120-134. Retrieved October 27, 2004, from Academic Search Elite database.

Source I - Gouda, A.N. (n.d.) Commentary of a report about cheese and les elephants. Retrieved October 23, 2004, from http://www.mondedefromage.fr/elephants.html

Source J - Maas, K.A. (2003). The missing link: Elephants, mice, and cheese. International Journal of Rodentia Research, 56, 459-471. Retrieved October 31, 2004, from http://www.elsevierpublisher.com/ijrr/56/4/maas.htm

Answer 1

It is widely known that elephants fear cheese, and will flee at the first whiff of it ("Elephants stampede", 2003). What is not yet well understood is why this phenomenon occurs. For more than a decade academics have been researching this perplexing topic. Their work constitutes part of the booming new discipline known as pachydermo-fromagology, which is defined as “the study of elephant-cheese interactions” (Concise Oxford Dictionary, 2004). This paper will evaluate existing research and theories, and argue that none of them satisfactorily explain the data which has been gathered so far. That elephants fear cheese was an accidental discovery made by the noted elephantologist G. Coleman (Coleman et al., 1984). The story of the discovery is now famous, but worth repeating: After a hard morning following the herd, I had just sat down under a tree for lunch and unwrapped a particularly delectable chunk of cheddar sent up from the base camp. Suddenly I heard an enormous trampling sound, and when I looked up, the entire herd was gone (Coleman, 1988, p.160). His discovery, while dismissed at the time, was subsequently corroborated by other researchers. Several studies (Gibson & Sturgess, 1987; Gibson, Sturgess & Bates, 1989) have confirmed the phenomenon, and that it occurs among both African and Asian elephants. A recent report by the Elephant Research Institute (2001) established that smell is the primary means elephants detect cheese, and that they will ignore large pieces of cheese if tightly wrapped. Meanwhile a French cheese expert asserts on his website that elephants do not flee from French cheese, only the lesser cheeses of other nations. “Zee creatures, zey have good taste, non?” he writes (Gouda, n.d., para. 2). According to (Mass, 2003, p. 468) a new theory has “exploded on the scene and caused quite a stink” (Mass, 2003, p. 468). Based on several clever experiments, K. Maas (2003, p. 468) has claimed that in fact elephants do not fear cheese at all, but instead fear the mice which are attracted to cheese. The debate over MMH has even spilled over into the popular press (Achison, Miller, Grouper, & Johnson, 2004). Even with the constant debate the consensus still remains there is no agreed upon answer (Achison et al., 2004).