True or False? If the adjusted measure of association is different from the crude measure for...
True or False? If the adjusted measure of association is different from the crude measure for more than 10%, confounder is present and the adjusted measure of association should be reported.
Homework Answers
The answer is:
We compute the measure of association both before and after adjusting for a potential confounding factor.
If the difference between the two measures of association(adjusted measure and crude measure) is 10% or more, then confounding was present and we should report the measure of association. Otherwise, if it is less than 10%, then there was little, if any, confounding.
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True or False? If the adjusted measure of association is
different from the crude measure for...
Q1. For the following three questions, consider the following risk ratios from a cohort study on ...
Q1. For the following three questions, consider the following risk ratios from a cohort study on the association between diabetes and glaucoma: Crude: 1.88 Race/ethnicity-adjusted: 1.56 Race/ethnicity-stratified (White participants): 1.49 Race/ethnicity-stratified (Black participants): 1.99 Race/ethnicity-stratified (Asian participants): 1.35 Race/ethnicity-stratified (Hispanic participants): 1.78 a)Race is producing: No confounding Positive confounding Negative confounding b) Race is: A confounder An effect modifier Both a confounder and an effect modifier Neither a confounder nor an effect modifier c) Which is the best single measure...
Q1. For the following three questions, consider the following risk ratios from a cohort study on...
Q1. For the following three questions, consider the following risk ratios from a cohort study on the association between diabetes and glaucoma: Crude: 1.88 Race/ethnicity-adjusted: 1.56 Race/ethnicity-stratified (White participants): 1.49 Race/ethnicity-stratified (Black participants): 1.99 Race/ethnicity-stratified (Asian participants): 1.35 Race/ethnicity-stratified (Hispanic participants): 1.78 a)Race is producing: No confounding Positive confounding Negative confounding b) Race is: A confounder An effect modifier Both a confounder and an effect modifier Neither a confounder nor an effect modifier c) Which is the best single measure...
Researchers found a crude odds ratio of 1.8 in a case-control study. They stratified their analysis...
Researchers found a crude odds ratio of 1.8 in a case-control study. They stratified their analysis within levels of a binary potential confounder and found an odds ratio of 1.2 in one level of the confounder and an odds ratio of 2.8 in the other level of the confounder. A. Do you think they should present the adjusted odds ratio in the report of their results? B. Why or why not?
1. If a confounder is not having an effect than we would expect... Group of answer...
1. If a confounder is not having an effect than we would expect... Group of answer choices The incidence of disease to increase when the confounder is present The incidence of disease to decrease when the confounder is present. The crude association between exposure and disease to be the same as the stratum-specific estimates 2. Which is not an approach for handling confounding? Group of answer choices Individual Matching Stratification Group Matching Random Sampling 3. If the rate of misclassification...
True or False? If a suspected third variable is actually an intermediate variable, stratified analysis by...
True or False? If a suspected third variable is actually an intermediate variable, stratified analysis by that third variable is required and stratum-specific measure of association should be reported.
True or false Crude death rate is an incidence rate
True or false Crude death rate is an incidence rate
1. If the stratum specific relative risks show a similar association between exposure and disease and...
1. If the stratum specific relative risks show a similar association between exposure and disease and these are different from the crude association, then confounding is present. Group of answer choices True False 2. The ability to generalize the study results to a larger population is known as Group of answer choices internal validity external validity confounding 3. Exclusion bias is a form of Group of answer choices confounding information bias selection bias non-response bias
In a stratified analysis, the stratum‐specific estimates are always the same. True or False Precision‐based weighting...
In a stratified analysis, the stratum‐specific estimates are always the same. True or False Precision‐based weighting is a method of calculating an adjusted measure of association. True or False When there are two strata, the presence of interaction can be assessed by comparing stratum‐specific measures of association to each other using a statistical test. True or False
Q1. True or False? The PhRMA trade association has regulated itself to limit gifts to physicians...
Q1. True or False? The PhRMA trade association has regulated itself to limit gifts to physicians of no more than $250. True False Q2. True or False? In industrial buying situations, the initiator is usually the key decision maker in the buying group. True False Q3. True or False? The Hispanic population is growing as Latinos continue to come from Mexico at a growing rate. True False Q4. True or False? Social class divisions in society are relatively unstable. True...
1. Which chi-square-based measure of association has an upper limit larger than 1 for different table...
1. Which chi-square-based measure of association has an upper limit larger than 1 for different table sizes? a. Pearson b. phi c. contingency coefficient C d. Cramer's V e. None of these are correct 2. Bivariate correlation analysis addresses a correlation of two continuous variables measured on an interval or ratio scale. True or False? 3. Both correlation and regression need what level of data? a. nominal or ordinal b. ordinal or interval c. interval or ratio d. nominal or...
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