Question

The president of a country has dedicated the bulk of the country’s military power to an invasion of a neighboring country. For a time, the war seems to be going his way. Then the enemy begins to take the offensive, conducting massive encircling movements, taking tens of thousands of prisoners, and forcing whole divisions into retreat. Still the president presses on, ordering more troops to the front, in spite of protests from his generals. This is known as?

1. transfer of training.
2. communities of practice.
3. escalation of commitment.
4. a nonprogrammed decision.
5. a fundamental attribution error

Makayla was taking the trash out to the dumpster behind the bakery where she worked when she heard a loud noise. Just around the corner she saw her co-worker Narayan kicking at the brick wall and cursing under his breath. She asked him what was wrong, and he told her that his boss had denied his request for vacation even though it had been approved two months before. Narayan was told that due to the recent layoffs, they would be understaffed for the Thanksgiving holiday, and all previously approved vacation requests had been put on hold. Narayan was upset because this meant he would be unable to attend his cousin’s wedding, where he was looking forward to seeing his extended family. Narayan’s outburst is an example of ______ coping.

1. fear-based cognitive
2. emotion-focused cognitive
3. problem-focused cognitive
4. emotion-focused behavioral
5. problem-focused behavioral

Bao is the art director at Blue Cat Publishing, a publisher of art monographs, coffee-table books, and several niche lifestyle magazines. He has an art degree, and he won many awards for his design work before he took over the branding and marketing at Blue Cat. Even though Bao’s employees do not always understand his thinking and find Bao to be introverted and difficult to talk to, they all have huge respect for his talent and vision for the company. In fact, the company has received many accolades for its overall branding since Bao took over the department. Which of the following is most likely true about Bao’s employees at Blue Cat?

1. Their trust in Bao is due to their propensity to have faith in people.
2. They believe that Bao cares about them personally, and this makes them loyal to him.
3. Their trust in Bao stems from their belief in his personal integrity, character, and principles.
4. Their trust in Bao is based more on emotion than on reason; basically, his employees like him.
5. Their trust in Bao is based on his proven track record and his demonstrated expertise in his field.

Answer 1

1) C) Escalation of commitment.

This situation is known as Escalation of commitment. It is kind of human behavioral pattern where an individual or a team takes a decision which is creating multiple negative outcomes, but still the decision is not being changing or altering any course and rather doing the same repeated action. Such that the President is taking the same decision of sending the troops to the neighbouring country despite of negative attempts. So, this option is true.

Other options which are incorrect :-

Transfer of training - It is when an ongoing learning skill influence or affect another already learnt skill.

Communities of practice - It is when a community learns altogether by sharing knowledge with each other.

Nonprogrammed decision - It is when some decision is unrelated with a particular situation and there is a high risk. A manager in this case must use logic.

Fundamental attribution error - It is when there is a much tendency to describe someone's behavior based on the internal factors such as personality, thinking etc.

Hope this helps :)