Question

1. Java is one of the most popular programming languages in the world. Name 3 characteristics that are unique to this programming language and contribute to its popularity.

2. Once the requirements are understood name each step, a Java Project must go through before you can execute the code on a computer.

3. There are 3 types of errors that you can encounter as a Java programmer. Syntax Errors, Runtime Errors, and Logic Errors. Explain what each of these errors mean and give an example for each.

Answer 1

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Answer:

Major Characteristics of Java programming language :

• Object Oriented: In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily extended since it is based on the Object model.
• Platform Independent: Unlike many other programming languages including C and C++, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather into platform-independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by the Virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run on.
• Multithreaded: With Java's multithreaded feature it is possible to write programs that can perform many tasks simultaneously. This design feature allows the developers to construct interactive applications that can run smoothly.
• Dynamic: Java is considered to be more dynamic than C or C++ since it is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. Java programs can carry an extensive amount of run-time information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects at run-time.

Three types of errors that you can encounter as a Java programmer:

Syntax Errors: A syntactical error in Java code is one in which the language you use to create your code is incorrect. For example, if you try to create an if statement that doesn’t include the condition in parentheses, even when the condition is present on the same line as the if statement, that’s a syntax error.

Example:

public class syntaxError {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
    system.out.print("Syntax error") // syntax error is generated because of small 's' in system.out.print and no semi colon at the end of the statement

}

}

Runtime Errors: A Runtime error is a program error that occurs while the program is running. The term is often used in contrast to other types of program errors, such as syntax error and compile time errors. There are many different types of runtime errors

Example:

Common examples include dividing by zero, referencing missing files, calling invalid functions, or not handling certain input correctly. NOTE: Runtime errors are commonly called referred to as "bugs," and are often found during the debugging process, before the software is released.

public class runtimeError{
   public static void main(String args[]){
   int i=9;
   System.out.print("Runtime error");
   System.out.print(i/0);// runtime error is generated because of no semi colon at the end of the statement
   }
}

Logic Error: logic error, or bug, is when your program compiles and runs, but does the wrong thing. The Java system, of course, has no idea what your program is supposed to do, so it provides no additional information to help you find the error

Example :

The logical error in the below code is due to using incorrect operator precedence 
public class logicError
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // Create some variables.
      int MyVar1 = 5 + 4 * 3 / 2;
      int MyVar2 = (5 + 4) * 3 / 2;
      int MyVar3 = (5 + 4) * (3 / 2);
      int MyVar4 = (5 + (4 * 3)) / 2;
      // Output the result.
      System.out.println(
            "MyVar1: " + MyVar1 +
            "nMyVar2: " + MyVar2 +
            "nMyVar3: " + MyVar3 +
            "nMyVar4: " + MyVar4);
   }
}