Question

1. What are the three most prominent and fastest-growing RDBMSs ?

2. Identify two main areas of focus that exist in all DBMSs.

3. List the five locking mechanisms used in maintaining read consistency.

Database system

Answer 1

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1)

Here are three of the most popular RDBMS/SQL database engines

• Oracle Database
• MySQL
• Microsoft SQL Server

(1) Oracle Database

The most recent version of Oracle Database was designed to integrate with cloud-based systems, and it allows you to manage massive databases with billions of records. Moreover, Oracle lets you organize data via a “grid framework” and it uses dynamic data masking for an additional layer of security. Traditionally, Oracle has offered RDMBS solutions, but now you can find SQL and NoSQL database solutions too.

Here are some of the main advantages of using Oracle:

• The most advanced technology: Oracle is known for being on the leading edge of database technology. They have a long-standing reputation for bringing quality – along with the latest features and innovations – to their customer base.
• A wide range of solutions: Oracle offers a massive suite of tools and solutions that can address virtually any information challenges you encounter.

Here are some of the main disadvantages of using Oracle:

• An expensive solution: Oracle tends to be a high-cost solution that smaller, non-enterprise-level organizations might not be able to afford.
• System upgrades might be required: Your current system specifications might not be enough to implement Oracle. Many businesses have to upgrade their hardware before using Oracle solutions.

(2) MySQL

MySQL is a free, open-source RDBMS solution that Oracle owns and manages. Even though it’s freeware, MySQL benefits from frequent security and features updates. Commercial and enterprise can upgrade to paid versions of MySQL to benefit from additional features and user support. Although MySQL didn't support NoSQL in the past, since Version 8, it provides NoSQL support to compete with other solutions like PostgreSQL. Read more about the differences between MySQL and PostgreSQL here.

The free version of MySQL focuses on speed and reliability instead of all of the bells and whistles found in many modern database designs. For example, MySQL:

• Only uses simple SQL commands.
• Doesn't support XML.
• Only allows two character types: CHAR and VARCHAR.
• Doesn't allow incremental backups.
• Is missing other features offered by its competitors.

Still, MySQL gives you the ability to use a lot of different types of storage engines, which brings the flexibility to deal with a wide variety of data types. Plus, a user-friendly interface and batch commands offer the ability to efficiently manage, edit, and process large amounts of information.

The advantages of using MySQL include:

• It’s free! As an open-source RDBMS solution, MySQL is free to use in any way you want.
• Excellent for any size organization: MySQL is an excellent solution for enterprise-level businesses and small startup companies alike.
• Different user interfaces available:
• Highly compatible with other systems: MySQL has a reputation for being compatible with many other database systems.

The disadvantages of using MySLQ include:

• Missing features common in other RDBMSs: Because MySQL prioritizes speed and agility over features, you might find that it’s missing some of the standard features found in other solutions, like the ability to create incremental backups, for example.
• Challenges getting quality support: Because it’s a free solution, you won’t have a team a support team at your disposal to help you through challenges, unless you purchase an upgraded MySQL package from Oracle. That being said, MySQL does have an active volunteer community, useful forums, and lot of documentation that you may find useful to answer most of your questions.

(3) Microsoft SQL Server

Microsoft SQL Server has a variety of versions available to choose from. This article details the differences in each, though in most developers prefer the latest release (2016). An interesting addition in the 2016 release is temporal data support. This allows you to keep track of changes to information in the database over time.

Advantages of using Microsoft SQL Server include:

• It's mobile: This database engine allows you to access dashboard graphics and visuals via mobile devices.
• Integrates with Microsoft products: Companies that rely heavily on Microsoft products will enjoy the way SQL Server integrates easily with these applications.
• It's fast: Microsoft SQL Server has built a reputation around being fast and stable.

Disadvantages of using Microsoft SQL Server:

• It's expensive: Considering that there are plenty of free database engines available, the cost of Microsoft SQL Server is steep. It's over $14,000 for one enterprise-level license per core. There are scaled down licensing options for approximately $3,700 and $900, and a free version you can use to to test the platform.
• Requires a lot of resources: This resource-heavy RDBMS may require you to purchase better hardware. A reviewer on G2Crowdsays, "Despite having a lot of tools it is problematic to use this software because it is very heavy and it consumes a lot of computer resources, so we have to invest in good hardware that guarantees us to work efficiently."

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